“Do Some Wondering”: Children and their Self‐Understanding Selves in Early Elementary Classrooms

Self‐knowledge has been a central theme in many diagnoses of late modernity, and it has cued scholars to investigate everyday situations in which people express reflexive selves. Using participant observation and interview data, we examined two American elementary classrooms where children learn to express a type of “self‐understanding self” called the enterprising child. We suggest that this form of self emerges through classroom talk characterized by the popular pedagogical concept of metacognition, which encourages the learner to be aware of her thinking and learning and, crucially, to express an awareness of herself as a thinker and learner. We emphasize an interactionist view toward the situational self, and argue that how teachers manage classroom discourse socializes children into venerating the dispositional tendencies that correspond with new capitalist workplaces. We conclude by discussing the implications this may have for modern personhood, symbolic inequality in classrooms, and the political economy of linguistic forms.     

From Official Supervision to Self‐monitoring: Privatizing Supervision of Private Social Care Services in Finland

In October 2011, a new Act on Private Social Care Services came into force in Finland. The Act included a provision on a ‘self‐monitoring plan’. According to the provision, providers of private social care services are required to draw up a self‐monitoring plan and to follow its realization. The plan must be kept publicly on view so that clients and their relatives can also keep an eye on the realization of self‐monitoring. In this article, self‐monitoring is first explained and then briefly analyzed against the background of a wider theoretical discussion on accountability. It is argued that the introduction of client involvement in the supervision of private social care services represents a new mechanism of accountability that is typical of the Post‐Keynesian welfare state. Because public authorities are no longer able to supervise the growing number of private social care service providers, the responsibility has been partly shifted to service providers themselves as well as to clients. However, it is argued that the idea of self‐monitoring lends itself poorly to ‘delegated’ private social care services, i.e. to services that are outsourced to private service suppliers. Supervision of private social care service providers should not be too eagerly delegated to service providers themselves, or to clients, because we are here dealing with the constitutional right to adequate social care services. Client involvement also involves numerous practical problems, as shown at the end of the article.     

Testing the Interaction Effects of Task Complexity in Computer Training Using the Social Cognitive Model

Using a Modified Social Cognitive Theory framework, this study examines the behavior modeling and lecture‐based training approaches to computer training. It extends the existing Social Cognitive Model for computer training by adding the task complexity construct to training method, prior performance, computer self‐efficacy, outcome expectations, and performance. A sample of 249 students from a large state university served as participants in a laboratory experiment that was conducted to determine the task complexity*training method and task complexity* self‐efficacy interaction effects on performance. Structural equation modeling with interaction effects was used to analyze the data. The results show that behavior modeling outperforms lecture‐based training in a measure of final performance when task complexity is high. Further, it is found that computer self‐efficacy has a greater positive effect on performance when task complexity is high than when task complexity is low. Prior performance is also found to be an important variable in the model.     

Does self-help increase rates of help seeking for student mental health problems by minimizing stigma as a barrier?

Objective: This study examined whether self-help (books, websites, mobile apps) increases help seeking for mental health problems among college students by minimizing stigma as a barrier. Participants and Methods: A survey was conducted with 200 college students reporting elevated distress from February to April 2017. Results: Intentions to use self-help were low, but a significant portion of students unwilling to see mental health professionals intended to use self-help. Greater self-stigma related to lower intentions to seek professional help, but was unrelated to seeking self-help. Similarly, students who only used self-help in the past reported higher self-stigma than those who sought professional treatment in the past. Although stigma was not a barrier for self-help, alternate barriers were identified. Conclusions: Offering self-help may increase rates of students receiving help for mental health problems, possibly by offering an alternative for students unwilling to seek in-person therapy due to stigma concerns.     

Are we doing enough? Stigma,discrimination and human rights violations of people living with schizophrenia in India: Implications for social work practice

ABSTRACT

In India, the human rights of people living with mental illness (PLMI) are poorly articulated and hence less researched. Using in-depth and focus group interviews, this study explores multiple perspectives on stigma, discrimination, and human rights violations of people living with schizophrenia (PLS) within their web of relationships in the city of Mumbai, India. Thematic analysis shows that abusive experiences at home, stigma associated with mental health services and barriers to meaningful employment contribute to human rights violations. Implications for strengthening the role of mental health professionals including social workers to promote, protect and actualize the rights of PLS are stressed.     

解读托尼·莫里森《宠儿》中的神话原型

但凡伟大的作品都必不可少地蕴含丰富的神话成分。托尼·莫里森在其诺贝尔文学奖获奖作品《宠儿》中也是如此。她运用了传统的希腊神话、非洲神话和伊甸园神话,充分表现了美国黑人在寻找自我及追求完整的过程中的艰辛及其所处的进退两难的困境。     

An economic analysis of nanofood labeling

The paper examines the economic effects of labeling food nanotechnology products using an analytical framework of heterogeneous consumers and imperfectly competitive suppliers. Labeling results in increased costs for nanofood producers (the cost effect of the labeling policy), reduced consumer uncertainty regarding the nature of the food product (certainty effect), and can affect consumer attitudes towards nanofoods by being perceived as a warning signal (stigma effect). In this context, nanofood labeling can change the perceived quality differences between nanofoods and their conventional and organic counterparts, with such changes being more salient when the stigma effect is large, when consumers have low awareness of food nanotechnology in the absence of labeling, and/or when competition among nanofood suppliers is more intense. Despite its empirical relevance, the impact of a labeling policy on consumer preferences (and the economic ramifications of such impact) has largely been ignored by the theoretical literature on the economics of labels. Our analysis shows that it matters. Specifically, our study shows that the market and welfare effects of labeling are case-specific and dependent on consumer awareness of, and attitudes towards food nanotechnology before and after the introduction of the policy as well as the relative magnitude of the cost, certainty and stigma effects of nanofood labeling. Our analytical findings also suggest that the effects of nanofood labels on consumer welfare are asymmetric with certain groups of consumers benefiting even when labeling has a stigma effect on nanofoods.     

税务人员自我和谐与积极心理资本的相关研究

目的：探讨税务人员自我和谐与积极心理资本的关系。方法：采用自我和谐量表（SCCS）和积极心理资本量表（PPQ）对来自全国各地的256名税务系统公务人员进行测查。结果：①税务人员自我和谐与积极心理资本总体状况较好;②自我和谐总分及各因子在性别上不存在差异,税务人员心理资本及自我效能、韧性和希望因子存在显著的性别差异;③自我和谐总分及其分量表与心理资本总分及其分量表存在不同程度的负相关;④韧性因子和希望因子对自我与经验的不和谐以及自我的刻板性有显著的预测作用（t=-6．212～-1．992,P〈0．05）,希望因子能显著的预测自我的灵活性（t=7．885,P〈0．001）。结论：税务人员积极心理资本对自我和谐有重要影响,应当鼓励税务人员发挥积极心理资本的优势,提高自我和谐水平。     

从《威尼斯商人》的女性人物塑造看莎士比亚的女权主义倾向

本文借助女性主义"妇女形象"批评方法分析《威尼斯商人》,发现莎士比亚塑造的女性形象并不是女性主义批评家们所批评的男性笔下两个极端类型:好女人,坏女人;相反,他塑造了反传统的、具有现代思想的女性。同男性形象相比,女性处于主动、中心地位而男性则处于被动、服从地位,因而打破了父权中心,解构了父权社会对妇女的界定,指明了莎士比亚的女权主义倾向。     

清末地主阶级改革派"借法自强"的主张及其实践

清末地主阶级改革派倡导的“借法自强”主张是对传统封建旧法的否定和对西方列强挑战的积极回应。它在鸦片战争后最初二十年 ,表现为“师夷之长技以制夷” ,主要内容是了解西方、学习西方和抵御西方 ;在 19世纪 6 0年以后体现为“中学为体 ,西学为用” ,即是以传统的君主专制制度和封建的伦理道德为主 ,以资本主义的科技发明为辅。地主阶级改革派将“借法自强”主张付诸实践经历了三个阶段 :两次鸦片战争期间了解、介绍和宣传西方阶段 ;19世纪 6 0年代初至 70年代创办军事工业以求“自强”阶段 ;19世纪 70年代至 90年代大力兴办民用工业以“求富”阶段。