论自学考试的定位、现状及走向

自学考试是我国终身教育体系不可或缺又亟待加强的重要环节.自学考试只有把握自身独特的社会定位,才能为我国终身教育体系的构建和完善,为国民素质的提高,为社会经济的快速发展作出应有的贡献.     

陕西法政学堂与西北大学沿袭关系考

依据新发现的历史文献,清理出了从创建于清光绪二十九年(1903)的陕西课吏馆,到陕西法政学堂,到关中法政大学,再到西北大学的清晰历史脉络,从而勾勒出陕西近代法、政、商专门教育的起源和发展轨迹.重点着墨于附设陕西第一个学堂研究所等创举.     

A Study of Battered Women’s Purpose of Life and Resilience in South Korea

The principal objective of this study is to determine whether battered women’s purpose of life (meaning/value) affects resilience (self‐efficacy/communication efficiency/optimism). This purpose is meaningful in that it may help provide battered women with a new perspective of a changeable life, away from the negative perspectives frequently associated with domestic violence sufferers. The subjects of this study were 110 battered women staying at shelters located in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province, Korea. The survey was conducted between August 15 and September 20, 2010. The data were collected using questionnaires measuring sociodemographic variables, a purpose‐of‐life scale, and a resilience scale. The collected data were evaluated with frequency, correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the meaning and value of life positively influenced self‐efficacy. Second, only the meaning had a beneficial effect on communication efficiency. Third, only the value variable positively affected optimism. Therefore, this study implied that resilience is an important area in the context of spousal abuse. Based on these results, a program for enhancing the meaning of life is suggested to help domestic violence survivors to build up resilience.     

自我效度对单词记忆的影响

采用班杜拉的自我效度理论,在大量实证调查的基础上,考察其与单词记忆的关系,为英语词汇教学提供启示.研究表明,较之其它认知或情感因素,自我效度能对学生的学习动机、目标及结果作出更准确的预测和解释.自我效度强的学生在记忆的规律性、记忆方法的技巧性及自我调控的科学性上都要明显优于效度弱的学生.     

矛盾与自释中的一代文人——韩愈散文评析

韩愈作为唐代开风气之先的儒学宗师,面对中唐时期复杂的社会现实,在仕途上屡次受挫,进退两难;然而,他始终保持较为平稳的心态,敢于直面苦痛以自我激励.通过对韩愈部分散文的评析,阐述韩愈在仕途上进退两难的矛盾处境以及他作为一个文人自我释怀的人生艺术.     

TITE‐BOIN‐ET: Time‐to‐event Bayesian optimal interval design to accelerate dose‐finding based on both efficacy and toxicity outcomes

One of the primary purposes of an oncology dose‐finding trial is to identify an optimal dose (OD) that is both tolerable and has an indication of therapeutic benefit for subjects in subsequent clinical trials. In addition, it is quite important to accelerate early stage trials to shorten the entire period of drug development. However, it is often challenging to make adaptive decisions of dose escalation and de‐escalation in a timely manner because of the fast accrual rate, the difference of outcome evaluation periods for efficacy and toxicity and the late‐onset outcomes. To solve these issues, we propose the time‐to‐event Bayesian optimal interval design to accelerate dose‐finding based on cumulative and pending data of both efficacy and toxicity. The new design, named “TITE‐BOIN‐ET” design, is nonparametric and a model‐assisted design. Thus, it is robust, much simpler, and easier to implement in actual oncology dose‐finding trials compared with the model‐based approaches. These characteristics are quite useful from a practical point of view. A simulation study shows that the TITE‐BOIN‐ET design has advantages compared with the model‐based approaches in both the percentage of correct OD selection and the average number of patients allocated to the ODs across a variety of realistic settings. In addition, the TITE‐BOIN‐ET design significantly shortens the trial duration compared with the designs without sequential enrollment and therefore has the potential to accelerate early stage dose‐finding trials.     

A dynamic and cyclical model of bounded ethicality

We introduce a new model of bounded ethicality which helps explain three persistent puzzles of ethical behavior: when moral awareness is or is not present, when ethical behavior is more or less consistent with past behavior, and when blind spots obscure our ethical failures. The original conception of bounded ethicality (Chugh, Banaji, & Bazerman, 2005) described the systematic psychological constraints on ethical behavior and has contributed to our field's understanding of the phenomena of everyday, “ordinary” unethical behavior. In this more detailed model, we delineate these systematic processes and mechanisms and show how concepts of automaticity, self-view, and self-threat play critical roles in our ethical decision-making. The model describes distinct, asymmetric patterns of (un)ethical behavior and pinpoints the contingency which determines which pattern is more likely to unfold, including when we will trend to more or less automaticity and more or less ethical behavior. Our model integrates and synthesizes many of the key models and findings in recent behavioral ethics research into a single, overarching model of ethical decision-making, offering an anchor for new questions and a new realm of study.     

大学生自我效能感的培养与提升

本文从创建个体的经验体系、评价体系、训练体系三个角度,详尽论述培养和提升大学生自我效能感的方法。     

Non-parametric Analysis of Covariance – The Case of Inhomogeneous and Heteroscedastic Noise

Abstract.  The purpose of this paper was to propose a procedure for testing the equality of several regression curves f _i in non-parametric regression models when the noise is inhomogeneous and heteroscedastic, i.e. when the variances depend on the regressor and may vary between groups. The presented approach is very natural because it transfers the maximum likelihood statistic from a heteroscedastic one-way analysis of variance to the context of non-parametric regression. The maximum likelihood estimators will be replaced by kernel estimators of the regression functions f _i . It is shown that the asymptotic distribution of the obtained test-statistic is nuisance parameter free. Asymptotic efficiency is compared with a test of Dette & Neumeyer [Annals of Statistics (2001) Vol. 29, 1361–1400] and it is shown that the new test is asymptotically uniformly more powerful. For practical purposes, a bootstrap variant is suggested. In a simulation study, level and power of this test will be briefly investigated and compared with other procedures. In summary, our theoretical findings are supported by this study. Finally, a crop yield experiment is reanalysed.     

制度补正:提高中国行政效能的根本途径

制度是决定行政效能高低的根本因素。由于制度缺失即制度供应不足和制度失范是我国行政低效的根本原因,因此,必须对影响我国行政效能的制度进行补充和矫正。这主要包括:进一步转变政府职能和优化行政组织,调整和规范行政运行机制,促进依法行政,并适度引入市场机制。