P─S表及其在自学考试中的应用

本文介绍了Ｐ—Ｓ（ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ－ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔ）表的形成。详细阐述了Ｐ—Ｓ表在自学考试中的应用。最后指出，Ｐ—Ｓ表必将成为自学考试命题与学生学习效果分析的有力工具。     

Perceptions of Self and Collective Efficacy in Community Organization Theory and Practice

The concepts of learned helplessness and locus of control have been shown to be reliable predictors of both individual and group behaviors across a wide variety of social situations. Little effort, however, has been directed at understanding the variables associated with these constructs which influence the decision of a disempowered group to take social action when faced with adversity or challenge. This paper analyzes the concepts of perceived self and collective efficacy and discusses how these variables in individual and group behavior impact organizing. The concepts of perceived and collective efficacy are drawn from social learning theory and, within the paper, are hypothesized as the linch pin between various conflict theories. It is argued that once disenfranchised persons are recruited into social action organizations, a certain amount of resocialization must occur that transforms perceived helplessness or personal inefficacy into learned hopefulness with its associated motivation to take action. The role of group leadership in promoting collective efficacy is discussed.     

试论教师教学效能感

教师教学效能感影响着教师对教学任务的选择;影响对教学行为的归因;影响教师情绪调控,从而影响教学的效绩。教师教学效能感的形成受社会大环境、学校风气、教师间的人际关系、师生关系、教师自身教学的成败经验、他人的替代性经验、情绪的唤醒水平和教育观等外部和内部因素的影响。要采取外部强化、树立榜样、归因训练、自我暗示等措施提高教师教学效能感。     

The contribution of measurement and information infrastructure to TQM success

There is currently some debate about which TQM practices contribute most to superior performance outcomes. Several proponents argue that softer TQM practices such as leadership, human resource management, and customer focus have more impact than benchmarking, process analysis or performance measurement. The evidence for which TQM factors contribute most to improved performance is not yet conclusive, and sometimes contradictory. Using data from a longitudinal study of 67 TQM firms we contribute to this debate. Our central hypothesis is that measurement of key TQM practices and performance outcomes is essential for TQM success. We examine the measurement practices of this cohort of firms, and report on the changes in their measurement behavior over time. Specifically, we analyze seven dimensions of measurement relating to customer satisfaction, employee satisfaction, process performance, impact of TQM on costs, impact of TQM on sales, self-assessment, and benchmarking. We calculate a measurement-intensity score for each firm, based on how many of these seven parameters were being measured, and we show that increased measurement intensity is strongly associated with perceived TQM success. Finally, using multivariate discriminant analysis, we identify eight variables that explain the level of TQM success with a classification accuracy of almost 90%. We conclude that to attain the highest levels of TQM success, firms need to engage in the measurement practices of self-assessment and benchmarking, but our data suggest that an appropriate measurement framework needs to be in place beforehand.     

Home Computers:

No abstract available for this article.     

成就动机的归因理论与教学改革

成就动机是心理活动动力系统的重要组成成分 ,是促进人产生成就行为的最直接因素。成就动机对人的成就行为有不可估量的作用。韦纳的归因效果理论、自我效能感的归因理论、习得无助的归因理论是最具代表性的成就动机的归因理论。这些归因理论对教育工作有巨大的启示意义     

CSA核心理念在高校内部控制评审中的运用——以南华大学为例

文章将内部控制自我评价（CSA）理论的核心理念运用到高校内部控制评审中,以实现高校内部审计的增值,并重点介绍了南华大学内部控制评审的实施以及其特色与效果。     

抗球虫中药制剂“鸡球康”对鸡球虫病的疗效实验

将1日龄的迪卡蛋用公雏、饲喂于经火焰消毒后的铁笼内，温度控制为从1目龄32℃，自由采食，自由饮水。饮水中加入环丙沙星（25g／100ml）预防鸣白痢。10日龄用IV系鸡新城疫苗行滴鼻免疫。18日龄分别用自拟抗球虫中药””鸡球康Ⅲ、Ⅳ按0．5％比例和Ac—Ⅰ制剂1μg／g混合于饲料中饲喂，20日龄人工接种抱子化艾美耳球虫卵囊。试验结果表明：鸡球康Ⅰ的保护率为100％，抗球充指数为181．64；鸡球康Ⅱ的保护车为100％，抗球虫指数为178．71；对照药物Ac－Ⅰ组的保护率为100％，抗球虫指数达19456；而感染不给药组（简称红组）保护率为60％，抗球虫指数为8157；不感染不给药组（简称白组）存活率为100％，抗球央指数为200。从试验结果看出：中药制剂在防治鸡球虫病，促进病鸡生长发育等方面有良好效果。     

王艮“身本论”的主体存在价值

该文是作者研究泰州学派主体性哲学的系列成果之一。文章首先分析了王艮“身本”与王阳明“心本”思想的关系 ,指出“心本”思想以心为宇宙本体 ,而“身本”旨在呼唤主体的自觉。然后 ,论述了“身本”思想的三个主要层次 :“尊身尊道”——个人只有在道的弘扬中才能自觉认识到人的价值 ,而道的全部价值只有体现在人的身上才能存在 ;“修身立本”——个体的自觉与完善是为天地立心、为生民立命的前提 ;“保身爱民”——承认个人的生存权利是社会群体价值的前提 ,立足于个人本位与重建合理的社会群体的理想。     

关于欲望及调控欲望的思考

本文通过对欲望的普遍性、二重性、可塑性的分析,揭示了欲望的特性及其内在规律,为承认欲望、调控欲望提供了理论依据。在此基础上,重点对如何有效抑制非理性的欲望进行了阐述,其中自律是关键之所在。