大学英语学习者学习动机的培养

动机是外语学习者在学习中最重要的心理因素和个体差别因素之一，它对外语学习的全过程及学习效果起着至关重要的影响。本文主要阐述了大学英语学习者学习动机的特点，并对加强英语学习动机的培养提出了自己的看法。     

农村社区计划生育自治理论探讨

农村计划生育社区自治是未来计划生育工作发展的方向 ,本文探讨了农村社区计划生育自治的内涵、意义、理论基础、操作方法、自治的施用条件以及在自治过程中应注意的问题等有关内容     

现代伊斯兰思想家伊克巴尔的“自我”概念探析

伊克巴尔是巴基斯坦一位卓越的现代思想家，“自我”是其伊斯兰思想的重要概念之一。传统伊斯兰哲学对“人”的定位强调其“人性”本质，伊克巴尔的“自我”则强调人的“个体性”和“独特性”，是对“人”的重新阐释。     

Belief in Public Efficacy, Trust, and Attitudes Toward Modern Genetic Science

Government and policymakers want to engage the public in a dialogue about the conduct and consequences of science and increasingly seek to actively involve citizens in decision-making processes. Implicit in this thinking is that greater transparency and public inclusion will help dispel fears associated with new scientific advancements, foster greater public trust in those accountable, and ultimately increase the acceptability of new technologies. Less understood, however, are public perceptions about such high-level involvement in science and how these map onto public trust and attitudes within a diverse population. This article uses the concept of public efficacy -- the extent to which people believe that the public might be able to affect the course of decision making -- to explore differences in trust, attentiveness, and attitudes toward modern genetic science. Using nationally representative data from the 2003 British Social Attitudes Survey, we begin by examining the characteristics of those who have a positive belief about public involvement in this area of scientific inquiry. We then focus on how this belief maps on to indicators of public trust in key stakeholder groups, including the government and genetic scientists. Finally, we consider the relationship between public efficacy and trust and attitudes toward different applications of genetic technology. Our findings run contrary to assumptions that public involvement in science will foster greater trust and lead to a climate of greater acceptance for genetic technology. A belief in public efficacy does not uniformly equate with more trusting attitudes toward stakeholders but is associated with less trust in government rules. Whereas trust is positively correlated with more permissive attitudes about technologies such as cloning and gene therapy, people who believe in high-level public involvement are less likely to think that these technologies should be allowed than those who do not.     

Statistical studies of infectious disease incidence

Methods for the analysis of data on the incidence of an infectious disease are reviewed, with an emphasis on important objectives that such analyses should address and identifying areas where further work is required. Recent statistical work has adapted methods for constructing estimating functions from martingale theory, methods of data augmentation and methods developed for studying the human immunodeficiency virus–acquired immune deficiency syndrome epidemic. Infectious disease data seem particularly suited to analysis by Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. Epidemic modellers have recently made substantial progress in allowing for community structure and heterogeneity among individuals when studying the requirements for preventing major epidemics. This has stimulated interest in making statistical inferences about crucial parameters from infectious disease data for such community settings.     

The role of self-advocacy in work for people with learning difficulties

This paper explores the relationship between self-advocacy and work for people with learning difficulties [1]. Explorations are based mainly on a participant observation study in which members of a self-advocacy group for people with learning difficulties included the researcher in their regular meetings. Discussions about work, most broadly defined as meaningful activity which makes a contribution to society, emerged as a critical preoccupation. We examine the importance of self-advocacy as a vehicle for people with learning difficulties who want to remove or circumvent barriers which surround their employment. Our research shows that understanding the role of self-advocacy in relation to work creates many development opportunities for both disabled employees and their prospective, or actual, employers. It is suggested that self-advocates can themselves achieve change in employers' attitudes by challenging oppressive images of people with learning difficulties in the workplace. It is hoped the paper will advance recognition of the importance of self-advocacy for maximising the participation of people with learning difficulties in work, and for acceptance of their status as workers.     

怀特海哲学后现代性探源

怀特海的哲学被称为“后现代的”,而且是“另类后现代的”,据柯布说,主要有三大理由：第一,他的认识论认为感官感知并非是首位的;第二,他的本体论认为构成世界的基本单位是实际事态,即点滴的经验,而不是如唯物论所说是无时间、无经验、无自由的基本粒子;第三,他的这些观点立足于坚实的现代科学基础,尤其是量子论.格里芬把怀特海的哲学称为广义经验论,并发展了该哲学,解决了哲学很多长期悬而未决的问题,诸如心-身关系、因果关系、上帝与世界的关系.     

Anything women can do men can do better: An experiment examining the effects of stereotype threat on political knowledge and efficacy

Negative stereotypes have been shown to create cognitive burdens that decrease intellectual performance in a number of tasks such as math and standardized tests. Applying a multidisciplinary approach and an experimental research design, this paper examines the effect of stereotype threat on political knowledge and political efficacy. A sample of 226 undergraduate students completed an online survey on political knowledge and efficacy. Participants were randomly assigned to a stereotype threat condition or a non-threat condition. Contrary to what was hypothesized, stereotype threat does not explain the political knowledge gap between men and women; men score significantly higher than women in both conditions. However, preliminary evidence suggests the presence of stereotype lift in men's sense of political efficacy. Men's political efficacy demonstrates a moderate increase in the stereotype threat condition while women's sense of efficacy does not change (d = .53).     

自我效能感研究对学校教学的影响

国外有关自我效能感的研究已日益引起国内学者的重视,本文在国内的研究综述基础上,强调自我效能感同教师和学生的人格发展水平的密切联系,特别是提出将学生的自我效能感研究同培养学生学习积极性联系起来,为学生自主学习能力培养的可持续发展奠定健康的心理素质基础.     

不动产登记簿的功能和效力

不动产登记簿是不动产登记的载体,不动产物权的公示公信原则在实践中主要是通过权利人查询登记簿的记载来实现的.但是,不动产登记簿的功能和效力在理论和实践中却没有得到相应的重视.文章通过对不动产登记簿的功能及其实现途径和登记簿效力的论述,指出了我国立法和实务中关于不动产登记簿及其公示方面所存在的问题,并着重论述了不动产登记簿在维护交易秩序保障交易安全方面的重要作用,主张借鉴大陆法其他国家和地区不动产登记的立法经验,进一步完善我国的不动产登记制度.