老舍编辑出版活动及其理论述论

老舍是编辑家,是20世纪中国最具编辑风格和贡献的编辑家之一,及藉编辑出版推进通俗文艺普及与提高的卓越旗手。致力文艺出版物通俗化、民族化、大众化及中国化,是老舍编辑出版活动的主要贡献。老舍编辑出版理论与其文艺创作理论水乳交融,形成了同一的创作—编辑美学理论。他把创作理想延续至编辑出版理想,赋予编辑出版活动人性化人格化“理想”,将理念和理想贯通于创作、编辑、出版、发行整个精神产品生产的过程。老舍编辑出版活动及其理论是中国编辑史出版史上不容忽视的文化遗产。     

四川少数民族村寨旅游扶贫模式转变研究

In 2012 , State Ethnic Affairs Com-mission of the People’ s Republic of China( hereaf-ter SEAC ) announced an outline concerning the protection and development of‘ethnic minority vil-lages with special characteristics ’ . The develop-ment of such villages is one of the important tasks of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission:this devel-opment aims to foster the conservation of ethnic culture and to accelerate the development of the ethnic areas in which these villages lie. On Sep-tember 23 , 2014 , the State Ethnic Affairs Com-mission announced guanyu minming shoupi zhong-guo shaoshu minzu tese chunzhai de tongzhi ( No-tice on the Naming of the First Group of China ’ s Ethnic Minority Villages with Special Characteris-tics):340 villages in total were inscribed into the list of this so-called ‘First Batch ’ , among which four villages of Sichuan province were included:( i) Jiefang village of Haqu in Leshan, ( ii) Mutuo Village of Maoxian in Aba, ( iii) Shangmo Village of Songfan in Aba, and ( iv) Guza Village of Seda in Ganzi. With the support of the so-called‘Poverty Al-leviation Policy’ , tourism in ethnic minority villa-ges has been booming; however, this has also re-sulted in a new series of related problems that need to be addressed. Tourism development obviously had reduced regional poverty. Since the 1980s, the promotion of economic development through tourism in the ethnic areas ( with a corresponding improvement of people ’ s living conditions ) has been widely accepted by society. Also in the prov-ince of Sichuan the ‘poverty alleviation through tourism’ policy has led to economic growth and has reduced the poverty of the people in the ethnic mi-nority areas. From 2011 to 2014, the SEAC has invested 57. 8 million Yuan in the development of ethnic minority villages in Sichuan province. This has led to the implementation of 73 projects and has benefited around 100,000 people, 7 indige-nous ethnic groups, and 11 prefectures and munic-ipalities in Sichuan. It seems that this‘poverty al-leviation through tourism ’ ( hereafter PATT ) has resulted in good economic and social effects. Ethnic minority villages in Sichuan share sim-ilar challenges: ( i) a low level of production and productivity,economic backwardness, simplistic e-conomic infrastructure, cultural narrow-minded-ness, a low level of education and personal devel-opment, and a fragile condition of local nature and cultural surroundings. Moreover, tourism has since deeply altered previous development models for these regions: this has also brought many new problems, like e. g. how to correctly distribute the newly acquired economic benefits and profits, as well as cultural and environmental protection is-sues. Many of these problems seem to be only tran-sitional;however, these challenges do ask for the necessary tweaks of the PATT policies. This article thus tries to review the model of PATT as imple-mented in the ethnic villages of Sichuan. The arti-cle explores its different stages/aspects:( i) adap-tation of goals, ( ii) the changing role of the gov-ernment, ( iii) an evolving profit model for local people, and ( iv ) evolving local talent discovery and activation. The first aspect of PATT is the change of the development goals. At first, the priority is to get rid of poverty through tourism. To initially boost local tourism, the government must make major in-vestments: enhancement of the basic infrastruc-ture, creation of a touristic brand and initial adver-tising for the ethnic villages. However, when the PATT has been effectively implemented, and reached a mature stage of development, i. e. the village has become relatively popular and annual numbers of tourists have reached a stable good lev-el, the goals must be adapted: economic develop-ment should change to sustainable development. The new goals would be a combination of local tourism and local related industries, such as handi-craft products, catering and other hospitality busi-nesses etc. When all of this takes place, the eth-nic villages and areas seem to be able to arrive at a green and sustainable development path. The second stage is the change of the role of government. As said, in the beginning large in-vestments in infrastructure, tourism marketing and publicity are needed. In this start-up stage, the village needs quite a lot of human and material re-sources. Without the financial and human aid of the government, it’ s very hard to change a local ethnic minority village into a tourist destination. Hence, the government should play a supportive role during the initial stages of tourism develop-ment, while taking the local villagers ’ will and ethnic culture into consideration: the government should consult with the villagers and encourage the villagers’ participation in the whole development process. When indeed the PATT reaches a mature phase, the local people can take over. By then the locals have gained much experience;their attitudes and business skills have sufficiently improved so the government can take a step back, leaving the villagers to further develop the villages by them-selves. The third aspect is an ‘evolving profit model for local people ’ . During the initial stages of PATT, it’ s all about developing basic tourism pro-jects: at this moment, the main profit models for businesses rely on ( a) ethnic culture projects with distinct characteristics, ( b ) establishing high quality modes of the tourists route, and ( c) pro-moting the unique name and fame of the villages. However, when PATT reaches a mature stage, the villagers themselves must further develop and maintain their unique brand and fame. As said, the government takes a step back while local peo-ple are to develop new related sustainable profit models. The fourth issue is the further evolution of‘local talent discovery and activation ’ or‘talent mechanisms’ . Before the initial stages of PATT in Sichuan, the local villagers of the ethnic minorities had been engaged in traditional agriculture for many years;hence it was difficult for them to tran-sition into modern industries such as tourism and hospitality. Moreover, there were very few locals who had any knowledge of this tourism/hospitality industry. E. g. only some elderly people conducted simplistic tour guide practices for tourists: they were unable to provide any in-depth explanations of the traditional ethnic customs and culture due to language barriers. Thus, outsiders ( including gov-ernment staff and tourism professionals ) had to come in and provide advanced concepts, methods, and training. More importantly, a new ‘local tal-ent team’ had to discover and activate local people with tourism talents/abilities. This allowed for a genuine local tourism industry to come into exist-ence and further evolve. However, when PATT reaches a mature stage, the government should re-turn the economic benefits back to the local people and give them the dominant right to further self-de-velopment. A newly developed professional middle class will then allow the local people to further de-cide on the future of the ethnic villages. After the initial ‘local talent discovery and activation ’ , a more mature ‘talent mechanism ’ should be formed. Led by the best local talents, people from all circles should be encouraged to take part in the further development of the local villages and areas:this allows for greater stability and continuity, while new talents can develop more. This article has analyzed the implementation and adaptation of PATT in the province of Si-chuan, including the ( i) adaptation of goals, ( ii) the changing role of the government, ( iii) an evol-ving profit model for local people, and ( iv) evol-ving local talent discovery and activation. Howev-er, the development of ethnic minority villages still seems to face many difficulties and challenges, and need to be studied and discussed more.     

民族地区乡村旅游开发村寨居民交际和社会认知能力研究

在少数民族村寨旅游开发中,社区居民是乡村旅游开发的参与主体,由于经济、文化等诸多条件的限制,社区居民参与乡村旅游开发的程度不同,不仅造成居民在经济上产生分化,而且导致居民交际能力和社会认知能力分化加剧。本文通过对广西已开发乡村旅游的少数民族村寨居民的交际能力和社会认知进行比较分析,结果显示:创办了乡村旅游经济实体的业主是当地的优势群体,与一般居民有明显的特征分化,居民交际能力和社会认知能力的差异主要由居民是否创办乡村旅游经营实体和受教育程度等原因造成的。     

东苗、鸭子苗与东家人：贵州畲族的历史演变

贵州畲族在1996年被识别为现有民族身份之前被称为“东家人”,史称“东苗”。据史籍记载,东苗源自唐代的“东谢”,历史上的分布地主要为贵阳及其周边地区。明代以后,部分江西人进入黔地,逐渐融入当地少数民族中,他们也因为擅长养鸭而被称作“鸭子苗”。从清中后期到民国初年,东苗的住居地渐向黔东南区转移,集中在福泉、麻江、凯里等地,且多与汉人杂居。其间他们与“鸭子苗”完成融合,被人称作“佟苗”。贵州畲族历史演变及来源的多样性和复杂性充分印证了中华民族大家庭中各民族“你中有我,我中有你”的客观事实。     

民族村寨旅游地游客相对剥夺感的生成与应对——以西江苗寨为例

民族村寨旅游地旅游业蓬勃发展的同时,存在难以满足游客高质量体验的现实问题。较差的旅游体验很有可能诱发游客的相对剥夺感,尤其是有参照比较的情况下。游客相对剥夺感影响其旅游态度和行为,游客对旅游地的愤怒、敌视及攻击行为严重影响旅游地的旅游形象及潜在游客的旅游选择,最终对旅游地的可持续发展产生深远影响。本文以西江苗寨为案例,以游客点评数据为基础,深入探讨分析游客相对剥夺感的生成机理及应对措施。研究发现,游客旅游体验与参照比较的负向差异创造了相对剥夺感生成的诱发情境。游客相对剥夺感的生成经历游客认知、游客评价及与公平相关的情感反应三个阶段,只有当游客感知的不公平超出其情感容忍度时,才会真正产生相对剥夺感。不仅如此,游客的相对剥夺感表现为纵向—横向及个体—群体两个维度四种类型,游客现实感知的相对剥夺感可能为一种或几种类型的复合。在此基础上,提出民族村寨旅游地应对游客相对剥夺感的可操作性措施和建议。     

新常态下推进"撤村建居"的探索与思考

"撤村建居"是一个庞大的系统工程,与国家、集体和个人利益息息相关,稍有不慎就会造成社会的不稳定因素.要以有利于经济社会全面发展、有利于加强社会事务管理、有利于提高人民生活水平为要求,统一规划,合理布局,加快农村社区建设,推进新型城镇化步伐.在实施过程中应注意妥善解决好以下问题:"撤村建居"过程中原村集体资产的处置,"撤村建居"后的换届,"撤村建居"后的公益事业及工作经费,"撤村建居"后的社区划分和管理,失地农民的社会保障,建设资金的来源等.     

黔东南苗族侗族自治州乡镇命名规律初探

由于各种原因使黔东南州地区古今地名参差杂乱。本文采用聚类分析法与传统的定性分析方法相结合,并联系黔东南州实情,就全州乡镇命名规律作一浅析。     

简论老舍女性观的时代精神

老舍擅于从伦理意识的角度来展示女性命运,并对女性深层心理进行深入挖掘,由此抨击封建伦理意识对人性的压抑和扭曲,以期唤醒女性"人性"的复归和人的意识的张扬。     

“文化—资本”框架:对历史文化村镇文化资源保护与传承的新解读

对历史文化村镇文化资源的传统解读,主要基于社会记忆等理论,形成了“文化—记忆”框架。但随着文化资源日益复杂多样,与社会的互动关联更为深刻,传统解读框架难以支撑。本文基于文化资本理论,将历史文化村镇文化资源置于“文化—资本”的框架中加以审视,实现了对其对象范畴和社会互动的新解读,焕发了历史文化村镇文化资源在当下的新活力。     

少数民族特色村寨开发村民受益机制研究——以西江千户苗寨为例

西江千户苗寨是近几年来迅速崛起的旅游村寨,"西江模式"已经逐渐成为贵州乡村旅游的榜样,其旅游开发村民受益机制对贫困地区民族村寨的旅游开发具有一定的借鉴意义。本文在实地调研考察、走访相关部门以及对村民进行问卷调查的基础上,对其做了细致的统计分析,并对旅游开发中最突出的村民受益问题提出了相应的对策和建议。