Simultaneous Confidence Intervals for the Population Cell Means,for Two-by-Two Factorial Data,that Utilize Uncertain Prior Information

Consider a two-by-two factorial experiment with more than one replicate. Suppose that we have uncertain prior information that the two-factor interaction is zero. We describe new simultaneous frequentist confidence intervals for the four population cell means, with simultaneous confidence coefficient 1 ? α, that utilize this prior information in the following sense. These simultaneous confidence intervals define a cube with expected volume that (a) is relatively small when the two-factor interaction is zero and (b) has maximum value that is not too large. Also, these intervals coincide with the standard simultaneous confidence intervals obtained by Tukey’s method, with simultaneous confidence coefficient 1 ? α, when the data strongly contradict the prior information that the two-factor interaction is zero. We illustrate the application of these new simultaneous confidence intervals to a real data set.     

Simultaneous Confidence Regions for Predictions

After observing n independent responses at n corresponding design points in a linear regression setting, one wishes to make a confidence statement about future responses that will apply simultaneously to all possible design points. Two appropriate prediction regions are derived using normal theory.     

关子非闭合回路中的感应电动势和感应电流的几点讨论

本文从一般的电磁理论和费曼等物理学家近年来这方面的研究成果出发,讨论了电磁感应中常见的二种感应电动势.然后,对许多书中叙述的“当回路不闭合时,有感应电动势而无感应电流”的结论进行一般意义上的讨论,论证了非闭合回路有感应电动势的同时也可有持续的感应电流,并且还伴随电磁辐射现象.     

Amemiya's generalized least squares and tests of overidentification in simultaneous equation models with qualitative or limited dependent variables

Amemiya's generalized least squares method for the estimation of simultaneous equation modeis with qualitative or limited dependent variables is known to be efficient relative to many popular two stage estimators. This note points out that test statistics for overidentification restrictions can be obtained as by-products of Amerniya's generalized least squares procedure. Amemiya's procedure is shown to be a minimum chisquare method. The Amemiya procedure is valuable both for efficient estimation and for model evaluation of such models.     

论近代科学方法的起源与发展

科学方法是近代科学的产物,但是有其孕育和形成的过程。希腊文化的数学理性、逻辑理性和实验理性在近代初期的结合与相互渗透,导致作为近代科学方法论支柱的实验-数学方法、科学归纳方法和直观-演绎方法的产生。这些直接面对自然的方法既是对希腊文化理性精神的提升,又是对古典自然哲学方法的扬弃。     

热源选址与热网布线的最小生成树法

本文采用最小生成树法,代替文献中常用的0,1规划法,解决了热源选址与热网布线问题。该方法的要点是,将热源的费用与热网的费用一起引入到树枝的权中;对于每一当前树,只计算那些与其相关联的边连网的权。随着树的不断扩大,权的计算范围也不断向外扩展。另外,该方法还具有计算原理简单、计算量少的特点。     

On the Necessity of Structure in an Arbitrary World

Abstract

The term response generalization has been poorly defined and has, over many years, been a source of controversy for applied researchers who must grapple with results that show changes in behaviors outside of the response class targeted by their intervention. The present discussion seeks to differentiate response generalization from such terms as response covariation and induction. Instead, response generalization is redefined in the context of response classes and concurrent schedules of reinforcement.     

论培根归纳逻辑

弗兰西斯·培根在对旧逻辑批判的基础上,创立了以观察和实验为基础的归纳法--科学归纳法.培根归纳法的问世,创立了近代归纳逻辑的第一个形态.培根归纳法的特质包括其归纳法是一种排除归纳法,突出了分析方法,注重证据的质量,与实验自然科学的兴起相适应,其归纳方法论包含着某些朴素的辩证法因素.尽管,培根的归纳法有一定的局限性;但是,培根的归纳法在近现代归纳逻辑的发展中的影响和作用是不容低估的.应当用唯物辩证法的观点和方式,对培根的归纳法进行认识和评价.