国际电子合同的形式要求探析——兼评《国际合同使用电子通信公约》第9条

《国际合同使用电子通信公约》作为联合国贸法会第一部电子商务公约，对跨国电子合同的形式要求、要约邀请等进行了规范。从公约的条文入手，结合我国及他国电子商务方面的立法，分析了国际电子合同的形式要求。     

民初交通部的干路国有政策评析

民初交通部推行干路国有政策，在短短两三年内即有别于清末而一举取得成功，此中因由，首要的因素是得益于交通部对局势的准确把握；而交通部有能力顺利推行干路国有政策。与该部关系至为密切的总统府秘书长、交通系首要梁士诒的影响巨大；此外，袁世凯与孙中山的作用不可低估。民初干路国有政策虽然取得了成功，可问题依然存在，主要集中体现为民股偿还中的尾欠问题。尾欠之外，交通部在自我定位方面也缺乏现代意识，以致干路国有政策难以彻底贯彻落实。总体看来，交通部所推行的干路国有政策符合现代化的发展需要，其中所存在的问题正是我们解释为什么民初经济发展中的不发展的钥匙。过去学界只重视、肯定民间实业，忽视政府视角，乃“商办情结”在作祟，以及革命史范式的制约，并不足取。     

Safety culture as an ongoing process: Culture surveys as opportunities for enquiry and change

In their efforts to enhance performance and use resources efficiently the nuclear power industry, along with many other industries, has turned to the improvement of 'culture'. This paper presents an example of one department at a nuclear power plant that faced an apparent problem with its safety culture. This department responded in a creative way that opened up possibilities for self-assessment and learning. In particular, although members of the department used a safety culture survey as a key part of self-assessment, the survey was understood to be an entry point into group interviews and collective discussions with change implications. The safety culture project revealed some surprises about the safety culture and work culture of the plant. In an atmosphere of mostly positive improvements following an earlier crisis, there were some issues that needed management attention. The safety culture survey and group interviews found that safety was not understood consistently and comprehensively, communications up and down the hierarchy were not always effective, and supervisors were being placed in weak positions without the resources to carry out their expanding roles. Management took steps to address these issues and continues to rely on a variety of feedback and communication mechanisms. It tends to hold these survey and enquiry techniques in reserve, as a reactive response when issues arise, although they could also be used as a periodic opportunity for dialogue.     

以客户为中心的网络整合营销传播模式研究

网络整合营销传播(EIMC)是整合营销传播实践过程在网络技术环境下延伸和发展的必然产物,是对传统整合营销传播框架的补充和完善。依据AISAS客户行为模式探讨网络整合营销传播模型,展示从客户细分到客户接触到客户评估全过程中的交互式的信息流,重点描述在AI-SAS各阶段上企业通过网络上载信息、客户通过网络下载信息的信息流过程,同时强调企业与客户借网络渠道在营销节点的对应关系。     

Preparing Social Work Graduates for Digital Practice: Ethical Pedagogies for Effective Learning

ABSTRACT

Debate has arisen in social work about the value of online education, with proponents providing examples of innovative approaches to online teaching and those against it citing the need for face-to-face interactions to suitably teach and assess social work skills. At the same time, social workers are increasingly making use of social media, websites, online databases, email, and text messaging services for work with clients. Consequently, social workers must be adequately prepared to make use of online technologies in their practice. Drawing on examples of online interactive activities used at two regional universities and informed by Chi’s conceptual framework of cognitive processes of learning, this article argues that learning via information and communications technology (ICT) helps prepare graduates for emerging digital practice and should be an integral part of social work education. Further, ICT enables educators to monitor the levels and quality of student rehearsal of practice skills and knowledge in interactive learning experiences helping promote competent practice, grounded in social work values.     

论近代中外交往中的上海通事群体

上海通事作为近代中外交往的一个重要介体,在当年上海的对外商贸、文化等交流中起到了举足轻重的作用,上海开埠后商贸的蓬勃发展和租界的形成给这些通事的生存与发展提供了一个难得的机会。把上海通事置于近代中外交往的历史背景下,探讨这些通事的演变过程和社会地位,以揭示近代中外交往的独特性和历史关联性。     

A Note on an Approximation of the Mobile Communications Expenditures Distribution Function Using a Mixture Model

Approximating the distribution of mobile communications expenditures (MCE) is complicated by zero observations in the sample. To deal with the zero observations by allowing a point mass at zero, a mixture model of MCE distributions is proposed and applied. The MCE distribution is specified as a mixture of two distributions, one with a point mass at zero and the other with full support on the positive half of the real line. The model is empirically verified for individual MCE survey data collected in Seoul, Korea. The mixture model can easily capture the common bimodality feature of the MCE distribution. In addition, when covariates were added to the model, it was found that the probability that an individual has non-expenditure significantly varies with some variables. Finally, the goodness-of-fit test suggests that the data are well represented by the mixture model.     

A 'Technological Idiot'? Raymond Williams and Communications Technology

Raymond Williams was a prolific cultural commentator and historian and his writing on communications technology provides a particularly relevant framework for understanding contemporary information-society innovations. Williams sought to distinguish questions of technique and technical invention from their realization in the fundamentally social organization of technologies themselves and emphasized the importance of agency and intention in structuring the uses to which technologies are put. Far from technology having an inescapable internal logic of development, innovation takes place within specific social and economic contexts. For Williams, this meant that there was no pre-determined outcome to the evolution of communications innovations but a series of complex interactions between innovations and the world into which they emerge. This article will provide an assessment of Williams' work on technological innovation, his critique of determinism and his commitment to democratic communications. Williams helps us to challenge the simplistic proposition that 'the Internet has changed our world' and enables us to understand instead the ways in which contemporary social relations set limits on the development of the Internet as a democratic medium.     

回儒哲学对话探析——以王岱舆《正教真诠》等著作为考察点

王岱舆在构建回回宗教体系时将回回宗教的“数一”与理学的“太极”进行沟通,形成了与儒家相近或相通的宇宙生成论。在宗教思想基础上,他批评了儒学心性论上的分歧和理善气恶的观点。王岱舆对于儒家心(性)体气用的批评不一定都能成立,可是对于儒家“气禀”论中的偶然论、命定论色彩与其修养论相矛盾的观点却很有见地。从回儒交流的历史来看,在王岱舆以前回儒在哲学层面并没有进行过正面的碰撞或系统对话,之后两种文化的对话、融合不断展开并逐渐深入。     

浅析中外合作办学中的教育主权及其维护

教育主权作为国家主权的一部分 ,同样是神圣不可侵犯的。在全球化进程中以及我国加入WTO后 ,如何处理好维护教育主权与进一步发展中外合作办学的关系成为当前中外合作办学发展中一个十分突出的问题 ,文章在分析了中外合作办学发展中有可能出现的几种对教育主权有所冲击的现象后 ,提出了一些具体的对策