Changes in small town social capital and civic engagement

Small towns are often depicted as places with many interpersonal relationships and generalized trust, or high social capital. Social capital is a resource which towns can use to solve problems and improve the local quality of life. In this paper, I determined if social capital and civic engagements have declined in small towns in the U.S. Midwest as has happened more generally and tested likely explanations for the change. Quantitative analyses of data from the U.S. Census, other secondary sources, and a longitudinal study of residents of 99 small towns were conducted. Findings revealed that social capital has declined, but one type of civic engagement improved. Towns in counties with more small farms in 1990 had more bonding social capital and civic engagement in 2004 than other towns when other factors were controlled. The proportion of local businesses had no impact on civic engagement and was negatively associated with one kind of social capital. Mixed findings about how income impacted social capital and civic engagement indicated a complex relationship. The retirement of the so called “civic generation” had minimal impact on social capital and civic engagement.     

发展中小企业是西部开发成功的关键

中小企业的发展有利于缩小地区差距,它是我国西部开发成功的关键。     

我国中小企业信用担保体系的构建

我国中小企业在发展过程中遇到了许多困难和问题,其中的最大困难是融资难,而融资难的最大障碍是担保难,解决这一问题的关键是构建完善的信用担保体系。信用担保是担保机构以一定的资财为基础,与债权人约定的保证债务履行和债权人实现债权的信用保障制度。构建信用担保体系的目标是以产业政策为导向,为各类成长性中小企业提供融资担保,分担银行信贷风险,改善中小企业融资环境,促进中小企业健康发展。构建的基本思路是立足国情,博采众长;政策性资金,市场化操作;体现扶助性,注重稳健性;以信用担保为杠杆,促进社会信用建设。信用担保体系的基本框架由信用担保运作模式与组织模式、信用担保资金来源与运用、信用担保管理制度以及担保风险防范与控制机制等环节组成。     

《小企业会计制度》的执行前景展望

2005年是<小企业会计制度>执行的第一年.根据规定,小企业可以在<小企业会计制度>和<企业会计制度>之间进行会计制度选择.无论是从会计核算成本还是经济后果来看,<小企业会计制度>均较<企业会计制度>对企业有利,<小企业会计制度>应受到企业的青睐;但是<小企业会计制度>推行起来仍面临阻力.     

中小企业融资新途径：资产证券化

中小企业是我国国民经济的重要构成部分,占我国企业的大部分,但融资问题一直是中小企业发展的软肋,资产证券化为解决中小企业融资难开启了一个新的思路。中小企业可以对应收帐款、具体项目和知识产权等资产进行证券化,同时要求政府在立法、培育机构投资者、建立完善信用评级体系以及信用担保体系等方面提供政策配套。     

基于语料库的山镇风俗文化英译研究——以戴乃迭《芙蓉镇》英译本为例

基于《芙蓉镇》汉英平行语料库,提取与山镇风俗文化相关的圩场、吊脚楼和民歌等意象,考察山镇风俗文化英译后的变化和原因。研究发现,原文中具有浓郁地域特征和时代特色的山镇风俗文化在译文中仅有部分保留,地方风俗的画面感和现实感被弱化,而由山镇风俗变化所折射出的时代特色和思想变迁也有所淡化。究其原因,主要是译者在翻译过程中考虑到目的语读者的文化背景、译者的文化身份以及中国文化走出去的需要。     

陕西省小城镇规模布局与经济发展要素关系的数量分析

文章应用双对数虚拟变量模型,研究了陕西省小城镇的发展规模、地域差异与经济要素之间的数量关系,分析了陕西省小城镇发展过程中存在的问题,并为陕西省政府制定小城镇规模布局的发展战略和政策提供了相关依据。     

Geographic Information Systems and Spatial Data Processing in Demography: a Review

This paper reviews the use of geographic information systems (GIS) software for spatial data processing in demography. The review begins with an introduction to GIS. Next, it traces the three major types of spatial data problems confronting demographers: the geocoding and geoprocessing of microdata, estimation of detailed population surfaces, and combining data aggregated to incompatible zone systems. GIS and non-GIS solutions to these problems are contrasted, with examples from published research. Spatially pre-processed datasets available to demographers are then discussed. The author concludes by noting that the solutions GIS provides to previously intractable data problems in spatial demography might encourage a focus on dynamic processes of population change in local areas.     

营造小型企业发挥作用的良好环境

小型企业的存在和发展,已成为我国经济发展的重要支柱。营造出有利于小型企业发挥作用的良好环境,是一项不可忽视的课题。因此在宏观政策环境、法律环境、市场竞争环境、产业结构环境、配套协作环境、融资环境和人力资源环境等方面,有许多工作可做。     

试论小企业的市场营销观念与策略

目前,小企业在国民经济发展中起着极为重要的作用,他们的发展已成为政府和经济界人士关注的热点。从市场营销的角度阐述小企业应有的营销观念和营销策略,树立正确的营销观念和营销策略,是小企业生存和发展的基础和关键。