花都区中小企业信用担保体系的模式选择与对策

信用担保体系制度对缓解中小企业融资约束的主要作用日益受到人们的关注。本文根据花都区构建中小企业信用担保体系的需求,通过对世界上一些国家中小企业信用担保实践的比较,具体分析了各种运行模式的利弊得失,提出了建立花都中小企业信用担体系应遵循的原则和七项对策建议。     

A framework for progressively improving small area population estimates

Summary.  The paper presents a framework for small area population estimation that enables users to select a method that is fit for the purpose. The adjustments to input data that are needed before use are outlined, with emphasis on developing consistent time series of inputs. We show how geographical harmonization of small areas, which is crucial to comparisons over time, can be achieved. For two study regions, the East of England and Yorkshire and the Humber, the differences in output and consequences of adopting different methods are illustrated. The paper concludes with a discussion of how data, on stream since 1998, might be included in future small area estimates.     

Small Parts Aspiration, Ingestion, and Choking in Small Children: Findings of the Small Parts Research Project

Obtaining information on current child injury trends and their associated issues is an important factor in developing products that meet or surpass acceptable toy safety boundaries. Understanding these boundaries helps determine safe product design characteristics that reduce the risk of product-related injury. Inchcape Testing Services developed a Small Parts Aspiration, Ingestion, and Choking Hazards Research Project, independent of an ongoing consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) project. The project's purpose was to determine, independent of CPSC, whether a more stringent small parts regulatory standard was necessary and, if so, to ensure that the standard was determined objectively. This article reports on the project's findings relating to critical characteristics (size, shape, and consistency) relative to the victim's age, of objects responsible for child choking injuries and fatalities.     

Small sample distribution of the likelihood ratio test in the random effects model

In this paper we examine the small sample distribution of the likelihood ratio test in the random effects model which is often recommended for meta-analyses. We find that this distribution depends strongly on the true value of the heterogeneity parameter (between-study variance) of the model, and that the correct p-value may be quite different from its large sample approximation. We recommend that the dependence of the heterogeneity parameter be examined for the data at hand and suggest a (simulation) method for this. Our setup allows for explanatory variables on the study level (meta-regression) and we discuss other possible applications, too. Two data sets are analyzed and two simulation studies are performed for illustration.     

南阳市地下水补源措施探讨

本文针对南阳市地下术的开采现状，研究了地下水降落漏斗的现状，指出地下水的补源措施．     

现代化与小民族生存问题探讨

作者对近年国内流行的“小民族”概念从文化和社会环境的意义上进行界定,并对学界关于小民族生存发展问题的研究状况进行文献回顾和理论梳理,同时结合在鄂伦春族社会的田野工作,思考了社会环境与小民族生存的互动问题。     

我国中小纺织企业科技创新驱动探讨——基于知识、技术和管理视角研究

当前以"低科技含量"、"劳动密集型"和"低附加值"为特点的中国纺织工业面临严峻挑战。为了摆脱困境,中小纺织企业必须实施科技创新战略,提升自主创新能力。本文对我国中小纺织企业的发展现状以及科技创新瓶颈问题进行了具体分析,阐述了科技创新的驱动因素,并为提升我国中小纺织企业科技创新能力提出指导性对策。     

厚利多销论

消费者是有价格意识的群体。同时,由于市场价格弹性的存在,所谓“薄利多销”曾经被视为普遍的和经典的促销策略。其实,从发散思维的角度看,“厚利多销”的理论基础和实现途径同样存在。     

Akaike Information Criterion for Selecting Variables in the Nested Error Regression Model

The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) is developed for selecting the variables of the nested error regression model where an unobservable random effect is present. Using the idea of decomposing the likelihood into two parts of “within” and “between” analysis of variance, we derive the AIC when the number of groups is large and the ratio of the variances of the random effects and the random errors is an unknown parameter. The proposed AIC is compared, using simulation, with Mallows' C _p , Akaike's AIC, and Sugiura's exact AIC. Based on the rates of selecting the true model, it is shown that the proposed AIC performs better.     

Asymptotic Properties and Variance Estimators of the M-quantile Regression Coefficients Estimators

M-quantile regression is defined as a “quantile-like” generalization of robust regression based on influence functions. This article outlines asymptotic properties for the M-quantile regression coefficients estimators in the case of i.i.d. data with stochastic regressors, paying attention to adjustments due to the first-step scale estimation. A variance estimator of the M-quantile regression coefficients based on the sandwich approach is proposed. Empirical results show that this estimator appears to perform well under different simulated scenarios. The sandwich estimator is applied in the small area estimation context for the estimation of the mean squared error of an estimator for the small area means. The results obtained improve previous findings, especially in the case of heteroskedastic data.