Smith College School for Social Work and Combat‐Related Trauma: Allegiance,Scholarship, and Commitment

The Smith College School for Social Work (SCSSW) was founded for the purpose of treating soldiers returning from World War I who suffered from shell shock, conditions that are now described as combat‐related trauma. As history evolved, America found itself embroiled in World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and contemporary conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. With each conflict clinical social workers have played a pivotal role in the care of active‐duty soldiers and returning veterans. This article explores the School's historical contribution to the treatment of combat‐related trauma through its curriculum, theoretical perspectives, and endorsement of different treatment paradigms over the last century. The earlier decades and Vietnam–era time involvement of the SCSSW in clinical social work practice with service members and their families is of particular interest. Specific recommendations are offered to the School that may benefit those practitioners entering the field of combat‐related trauma.     

亚当·斯密道德理论的核心是什么？——The Theory of Moral Sentiments题解

亚当·斯密是一位特别注重修辞的学者,要想准确把握其道德理论核心,需要认真分析其代表作《道德情操论》的文本。The Theory of Moral Sentiments（TMS）标题中的moral sentiments是指人类在道德判断上的一种基本能力,是包含同情、良知、审美以及道德推理等多方面内容的,其根源在于人类以自己同情共感的能力经验到各种道德实践,又通过归纳、反思和推理来将其一般化,最后上升为指导道德抉择和道德行为的原理。斯密道德论的核心绝非“道德情操”本身,而是各种道德情感得以形成的同情共感机制。现在被广泛接受的中文翻译书名《道德情操论》容易误导读者,而翻译成《道德情感论》更符合斯密道德理论的核心内涵。     

Accurate Confidence Interval Estimation of Small Area Parameters Under the Fay–Herriot Model

Small area estimation has long been a popular and important research topic due to its growing demand in public and private sectors. We consider here the basic area level model, popularly known as the Fay–Herriot model. Although much of current research is predominantly focused on second order unbiased estimation of mean squared prediction errors, we concentrate on developing confidence intervals (CIs) for the small area means that are second order correct. The corrected CI can be readily implemented, because it only requires quantities that are already estimated as part of the mean squared error estimation. We extend the approach to a CI for the difference of two small area means. The findings are illustrated with a simulation study.     

Variance estimation in model assisted survey sampling

Two versions of Yates-Grundy type variance estimators are usually employed for large samples when estimating a survey population total by a generalized regression (Greg, in brief) predictor motivated by consideration of a linear regression model. Their two alternative modifications are developed so that the limiting values of the design expectations of the model expectations of variance estimators 'match' respectively the (I) model expectations of the Taylor approximation of the design variance of the Greg predictor and the (II) limiting value of the design expectation of the model expectation of the squared difference between the Greg predictor and the population total. The exercise is extended to yield modifications needed when randomized response (RR) is only available rather than direct response (DR) when one encounters sensitive issues demanding protection of privacy. A comparative study based on simulation is presented for illustration..     

Linear Estimators and Predictors Based on Generalized Order Statistics from Generalized Pareto Distributions

Linear estimation and prediction based on several samples of generalized order statistics from generalized Pareto distributions is considered. Representations of best linear unbiased estimators (BLUEs) and best linear equivariant estimators in location-scale families are derived, as well as corresponding optimal linear predictors. Moreover, we study positivity of the linear estimators of the scale parameter. An example illustrates that the BLUE may attain negative values with positive probability in certain situations.     

再论亚当·斯密“经济人”假设的价值合理性（下）

斯密的“经济人”假设是建构在“自然秩序”和理性论哲学基础之上的,是斯密“自然秩序”伦理观在经济学中的运用和证明。“经济人”假设是对人的经济行为的一般性、本质性特征的理论抽象。无论是在理论层面还是在现实生活层面,无论是在经济学视野还是在伦理学视野,“经济人”假设都有其价值合理性和局限性。“经济人是理性的”,“经济人”还要受道德、法律的双重约束。     

A Further Study of Predictions in Linear Mixed Models

This article is concerned with the prediction problems in linear mixed models (LMM). Both biased predictors and restricted predictors are introduced. It was found that the mean square error matrix (MSEM) of a predictor strongly depends on the MSEM of corresponding estimator of the fixed effects and precise formulas are obtained. As an application, we propose three new predictors to improve the best linear unbiased predictor (BLUP). The performance of the new predictors can be examined easily with the help of vast literature on the linear regression models (LM). We also illustrate our findings with a Monte Carlo simulation and a numerical example.     

多蕊红茴香订正

本文根据采自多蕊红茴香(Illicium henryi Diels var.multistamineum A.C. Smith)模式产地(四川省城口县)的标本,与红茴香(I.henryi Diels var.henryi)进行比较研究,认为多蕊红茴香就是红茴香,故将多蕊红茴香做为红茴香的新异名记载,并对红茴香的形态特征和地理分布作了补充描述。     

Age-based transition periods and the outcome of mental health treatment

Do people ever get too old to change? Studies of the influence of the age of adult patients on the outcome of mental health treatment have led to inconsistent results. Design characteristics of such studies have limited our understanding of the relationship between age and outcome. Over 300 male veterans undergoing brief inpatient psychiatric treatment were categorized according to their age-based, adult developmental period (Levinson, Darrow, Klein, Levinson, &; McKee, 1978). Improvement during treatment was found to be significantly related to the patient's developmental stage (r = .25, p < .01). These results were cross-validated and replicated using three different techniques for measuring improvement. Patients treated during transition periods, whether young or old, improved most. These results were not limited to wartime veterans. Apparently, adult males are more responsive to mental health treatment during transition periods than at other times.