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11.
In this paper we investigate the asymptotic critical value behaviour of certain multiple decision procedures as e.g. simultaneous confidence intervals and simultaneous as well as stepwise multiple test procedures. Supposing that n hypotheses or parameters of interest are under consideration we investigate the critical value behaviour when n increases. More specifically, we answer e.g. the question by which amount the lengths of confidence intervals increase when an additional parameter is added to the statistical analysis. Furthermore, critical values of different multiple decision procedures as for instance step-down and step-up procedures will be compared. Some general theoretic results are derived and applied for various distributions. 相似文献
12.
The efficiency of education in East and Southeast Turkey (E&SE) has long been a subject of debate. Both regions are similar to each other and different from the other regions in terms of economy, culture, ethnic origin, and languages spoken. Sahin (1997) studied the efficiency of education in the E&SE and proposed that illiteracy is significantly the highest in both regions, the female student population is significantly lower, and students are significantly less successful in nationwide general proficiency examinations (OSS and OYS) compared to all the other regions. Social sources of failure were studied in terms of the distinguishing characteristics of both regions, from both practical and theoretical standpoints. The findings indicated inequality of educational opportunity rooted in geographical, economical, social (cultural, linguistic), and political factors. 相似文献
13.
焦浩 《西华大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2012,(5):20-24,37
目前,语法学界对汉语同义并列式双音词构词法的分析只到"并列"为止,没有进一步深入探讨这两个语素是怎样的并列状态。笔者认为同义并列式双音词的两个语素地位并不是绝对平等的,据此,可以把不平等同义并列式双音词分为三种类型———后限定式、前限定式、附加式。前、后限定式的不平等同义并列分别与偏正、动补结构在表意上具有相同的作用,这种跨结构的表意上的一致性,归根到底是为了适应汉语双音化和表意精确化的要求。 相似文献
14.
本文研究了分数阶长短波方程组的周期初边值问题,运用一致先验估计和Galerkin方法证明了分数阶长短波方程整体光滑解的存在性和唯一性. 相似文献
15.
John Rowlands 《Child & Family Social Work》2011,16(3):255-265
This paper describes how government policy thinking about the well‐being of children and young people developed between the Children Act 1989 and the Children Act 2004. These two Acts are milestone statements about how services to children in England and Wales should be delivered. It is an account informed by the author's own experience as a government adviser on children's social care over much of this period and supporting documentation. It traces the strands of government policy thinking about how to deliver services for children from children in need to the articulation of the five Every Child Matters outcomes. It argues that attempts to achieve coordinated service planning for children and young people played a significant role in the formulation of shared objectives and the articulation of child outcomes. However, it argues that looking at real outcomes exposes how children in the UK do relatively badly compared with other rich nations. It questions whether we can realistically expect our services to deliver significantly improved outcomes given the impact of enduring inequality in our society. This paper is dedicated to the memory of David Lambert CBE, former Assistant Chief Inspector of the Social Services Inspectorate in London, who died suddenly on 7 October 2010. He lent me articles to assist me in writing this paper. 相似文献
16.
Inequality indexes have long been used to analyze distributions of income. Studies have recently begun to use these tools to evaluate the equity of distributions of environmental harm. In response, issues have been raised regarding the appropriateness of using income-based measures in the context of undesirable outcomes. We begin from first principles, identifying a theoretical preference structure under which income-based tools can be appropriate for ranking distributions of “bads.” While some critiques of existing applications are valid, they are not a justification for rejecting the approach altogether. Instead, we show how standard income-based measures can be adjusted to accommodate bad outcomes. Rather than inequality indexes, we argue that equally distributed equivalents (EDEs) are well-suited for this purpose since they account for levels and dispersion of outcome distributions. The Kolm–Pollak EDE is particularly useful, having the advantage of consistently evaluating both bads and their complementary goods (e.g., mortality risk and survival probability). As an illustration, we show how these tools can inform an environmental justice analysis of a proposed Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) rule addressing indoor air pollution. 相似文献
17.
赵忠 《北京工商大学学报(社会科学版)》2016,31(2):1-9
文章从生命周期的角度入手,以期为理解收入不平等提供一个不同的视角.基尼系数本质上衡量的是结果的不平等,收入所得税等政府政策也侧重对结果不平等的调整,但收入结果的不平等起源于机会的不平等,强化于过程的不平等,最终才表现为结果的不平等.机会不平等、过程不平等和结果不平等对应不同的生命周期阶段,需要不同的政策措施.对于机会不平等,政府应着眼于消除户籍制度等对不同人群的制度性歧视,减少我国区域发展水平的差距;推动幼儿和青少年教育与医疗服务的均等化,为他们创造一个公平的养教环境.对于过程不平等,一个重要的方面是建立对各种所有制员工和不同雇佣关系职工都公平的城乡统一的市场环境,消除劳动力市场中同工不同酬等歧视现象,尤其是取消国家制度和政策造成的劳动力市场分割.对于结果不平等,要兼顾公平和效率,在现有个人所得税、最低生活保障制度等基础上,逐步建立城乡统一、公平公正的收入调节和社会保障体系. 相似文献
18.
This article considers penalized empirical loss minimization of convex loss functions with unknown target functions. Using the elastic net penalty, of which the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (Lasso) is a special case, we establish a finite sample oracle inequality which bounds the loss of our estimator from above with high probability. If the unknown target is linear, this inequality also provides an upper bound of the estimation error of the estimated parameter vector. Next, we use the non-asymptotic results to show that the excess loss of our estimator is asymptotically of the same order as that of the oracle. If the target is linear, we give sufficient conditions for consistency of the estimated parameter vector. We briefly discuss how a thresholded version of our estimator can be used to perform consistent variable selection. We give two examples of loss functions covered by our framework. 相似文献
19.
遵循国际规范,基于世界银行用于测度单一机会不平等的人类机会指数(Human Opportunity Index,HOI),借鉴最新的综合测度方法和多维机会指数(Multidimensional Human Opportunity Index,MHOI),首次对中国儿童的教育、医疗保险、安全饮水、卫生设施及家庭用电5种基本机会不平等进行综合测度。实证结果显示,2011年,中国712岁儿童最少享有2种基本机会,所有基本机会全部享有的儿童不到60%。在所考虑的基本机会中,儿童卫生设施的覆盖率、公平性和HOI是最低的,其次是安全饮水;卫生设施和安全饮水的HOI表现出较大的地区和城乡差异。从而导致MHOI较大的地区和城乡差异;动态分析结果表明,近10多年来,中国儿童各种基本机会的覆盖率和公平性都得到了持续的改善,但各基本机会的HOI和MHOI仍存在较大的改善空间。这些量化结论具有一定的政策指导意义。 相似文献
20.
我国区域不均等:分解方法与实证分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在对区域不均等度量指标及分解方法进行归纳性阐释的基础上,运用泰尔指数分析了我国自20世纪80年代中后期以来的区域不均等,并对我国区域差异中的城乡收入差距,东中西部农村地区的收入差距进行了分解。结果表明,在总的不均等中约70-80%的不均等来自城乡之间,只有20%-30%是由城市和农村内部引起的。东中西之间的不均等对总不均等的贡献大约只有20-30%,剩下的70-80%则归因于东中西各自内部不同省份之间的差距。 相似文献