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11.
针对动态交通分配领域中往往假定所有车辆的出发时间是固定的不正确假设,探讨基于拥挤收费的出发时间选择问题的负效用函数,建立动态出发时间选择问题的变分不等式模型.结果表明,建立的变分不等式模型等价于动态用户最优出发时间选择问题. 相似文献
12.
本文给出 Jensen 不等式在导出和证明几何不等式中的应用,揭示出一些几何不等式的来历及寻求证明的技巧。 相似文献
13.
Richard J. Caston 《Sociological Forum》1989,4(3):329-348
Using the original 1962 Blau and Duncan data for white males, I compare relative amounts of inequality in the distributions of occupational prestige, earnings, autonomy, and job skills. Also assessed are the degree of status rigidity (or intercorrelations) among these four dimensions of occupational inequality and the simultaneous relations among these four dimensions in a father-to-son occupational mobility model. These findings are compared to those obtained with Duncan's socioeconomic index to determine whether additional information can be obtained when using independent measures representing the multiple dimensions of occupational inequality versus using the SEI alone. Only minor discrepancies are found, and these relate to autonomy and earnings.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 1985 Pacific Sociological Association meetings. 相似文献
14.
基于主体不平等的跨国界河流水资源分配的破产博弈研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于破产理论和讨价还价博弈,构建水资源分配的破产博弈模型。借鉴国际水法,构建主体在水资源分配谈判中的议价能力评价指标体系,将议价能力运用到破产博弈模型中,突出主体在水资源分配中的不平等性,减少水资源分配量与贡献、需求量和对水资源依赖程度的非对称性;结合主体的谈判破裂点,根据主体满意度函数的联动函数寻找水资源分配的最优解,使分配能同时满足个体理性和集体理性,并对澜沧江-湄公河流域进行实例研究。 相似文献
改革开放以来,伴随着流动人口规模的剧增,其内部的收入差距现象也逐渐出现。基于2015年流动人口动态监测调查数据,采取Oaxaca-Blinder分解和基于RIF回归的分解探究了不同户籍流动人口收入差距的影响因素,发现相对于性别、年龄等其他变量而言,教育对流动人口城乡收入差距的作用最大,表现为教育的价格效应与结构效应都扩大了收入差距,且前者是最主要的因素,尤其体现在第90分位点,暗含着城乡流动人口的收入差距主要由教育的高回报率所致。进一步研究发现,按照不同年份、年龄以及地区进行划分后的结果各异,但是教育价格效应依然较大。这说明,城乡教育资源发生扭曲的结果只是使得城镇常住人口获得更多了优质教育资源,接受了更多教育。城镇常住人口具有更强的社会网络和城乡教育资源是发生扭曲的并列原因。基于此结果,政府应推进户籍制度的改革,保障教育资源均衡化,加大扶持偏远地区经济发展。同时,农村流动人口也应通过职业培训或继续教育等形式增强自身竞争力。 相似文献
16.
Piotr Konieczny 《Information, Communication & Society》2017,20(2):167-184
This paper contributes to the discussion on deliberative, direct democracy and volunteer mobilization in the Internet era by analyzing the vote participation levels of Wikipedia volunteer editors (Wikipedians). On 18th January 2012 in the ‘first Internet strike’ against the American ‘Stop Online Piracy Act' legislation, over two thousand Wikipedians took part in the vote concerning whether their site should undertake a protest action, with vast majority expressing support for this action. However, the vote participants formed only a tiny fraction of the total number of Wikipedians who number in millions. Although Wikipedia can be seen as an open, democratic forum practicing deliberative, direct democracy, the process of voting on Wikipedia is significantly influenced by participation inequality, with a majority of the vote participation coming from a small group of most active contributors – an effective oligarchy. This paper discusses the intricate dynamics between Wikipedia egalitarian ethos and the creed to discuss project matters deliberately on one hand and the conspicuous lack of promotion and advertisement stemming from a rule against ‘canvassing’ and an overall skepticism regarding the status of majority votes. While voters' passivity and lack of interest play a major role, as expected, another factor emerges as a significant factor responsible for the low levels of participation: an inefficient information distribution system, as the vast majority of Wikipedians were not aware of the ongoing discussions and the vote itself until after their conclusion. 相似文献
17.
焦浩 《西华大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2012,(5):20-24,37
目前,语法学界对汉语同义并列式双音词构词法的分析只到"并列"为止,没有进一步深入探讨这两个语素是怎样的并列状态。笔者认为同义并列式双音词的两个语素地位并不是绝对平等的,据此,可以把不平等同义并列式双音词分为三种类型———后限定式、前限定式、附加式。前、后限定式的不平等同义并列分别与偏正、动补结构在表意上具有相同的作用,这种跨结构的表意上的一致性,归根到底是为了适应汉语双音化和表意精确化的要求。 相似文献
18.
Outlier detection algorithms are intimately connected with robust statistics that down‐weight some observations to zero. We define a number of outlier detection algorithms related to the Huber‐skip and least trimmed squares estimators, including the one‐step Huber‐skip estimator and the forward search. Next, we review a recently developed asymptotic theory of these. Finally, we analyse the gauge, the fraction of wrongly detected outliers, for a number of outlier detection algorithms and establish an asymptotic normal and a Poisson theory for the gauge. 相似文献
19.
Michelle I. Gawerc 《Sociology Compass》2021,15(3):e12858
Diverse coalitions hold great potential for social movements, but they also face tremendous challenges. In this article, I review the literature on diverse alliances with a focus on how trust, commitment, and ultimately, solidarity can be developed and sustained across divides. The article begins by discussing the needs of diverse alliances to build trust and commitment, and the coalitional characteristics deemed vital for doing so, with a focus on shared neutral space, ongoing interaction, and social ties and bridgebuilders. Five coalitional processes and practices are identified and discussed that have been empirically found or theorized to be imperative for cultivating solidarity across difference and inequality. These processes include (a) uniting around shared principles while engaging difference; (b) acknowledging and managing inequalities; (c) making space for each other; (d) attention to managing conflicts; and (e) actions that confirm the shared commitments and negotiated identity. I conclude by evaluating the state of research on developing and sustaining alliances across divides. 相似文献
20.
本文研究了分数阶长短波方程组的周期初边值问题,运用一致先验估计和Galerkin方法证明了分数阶长短波方程整体光滑解的存在性和唯一性. 相似文献