城市可持续发展综合评价指标体系研究

城市可持续发展指标体系的构建，应遵从科学性、可比性、可操作性、层次性、系统性和创新性六原则，应包含经济、社会和资源环境三个子系统，设立四个指标层次，41个指标。而各项指标的权重当采用客观赋权法中的熵值法确定。     

Philosophical Views and Basic Theories of System Dynamics

System dynamics, founded by professor Forrester at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1956, is a discipline which analyzes and studies the system of information feedback. Basic views of theories of system dynamics distinctively show its dialectical characteristics. More attention should be paid to the features of complicated nonlinear systems. The model simulation of system dynamics is a kind of structure-function simulation. One of the remarkable advantages of system dynamics is that it can handle problems of high order, nonlinear and multiplefeedback system.     

Moderating effects of social support in shiftworking and non-shiftworking nurses

The effects of social support on the job stress (role ambiguity)-strain (job dissatisfaction, intent-to-turnover, health problems) relationship were investigated in shiftworking (second and third shifts) and non-shiftworking (first shift) groups of nurses (N = 191). Previous research indicates that shiftworkers frequently report problems of social integration as a negative aspect of their jobs. Additionally, shiftworkers demonstrate a number of stress-related illnesses. Social support has been hypothesized to show its strongest stress-buffering (i.e. moderating) effects in high stress environments. In other words, persons with higher levels of social support are less likely to be negatively affected by high stress environments. It was hypothesized that individuals working on shiftwork would demonstrate stronger moderating effects of social support on the job stress-strain relationship than non-shiftworkers because of the stressful nature of shiftwork and the importance of social integration difficulties to shiftworkers. The dependent measures used in the analyses were global job satisfaction, intent-to-quit, and perceived health problems. Main and moderating effects of social support were found for several of the analyses. For shiftworkers, this buffering effect was significantly greater for supervisor social support on global job satisfaction and intent-to-quit. Implications of the findings are discussed.     

英语视听课程的教改思路与实践

文章通过分析英语视听课程的特点,阐述了该课程在英语学习中的重要地位.以外语自主学习理论为依据,尝试了自主学习的教学模式,并证实了这一教学方法的有效性.同时提出实施视听教学改革,全面建设视听课程是提高视听教学效果的基本保证.     

基于“点-轴系统”理论的西安地区空间关系定位

将"点-轴系统"理论应用于西安地区,分别进行"点"的开发与"轴"的开发,提出了"四极三轴"的西安地区空间框架结构,构造出集中与分散相协调的空间结构体系,达到有效疏散过度集中的西安城市人口与产业的目的.在空间影响尺度、产业及功能地位上,"四极三轴"各有侧重.     

世界历史学科的“苏联体系”评述

在世界历史学领域,“苏联体系”公开主张以马克思主义唯物史观指导世界史研究,最先开始了马克思主义世界史体系的创建工作,具有广泛的国际影响。然而由于特定的历史背景,苏联世界史体系也存在着某些弊端。因此,对苏联世界史体系进行实事求是的科学分析,将有助于推动中国的世界史研究和世界史学科体系建设。     

The Effect of Veteran Status on Mortality among Older Americans and its Pathways

This research examines excess mortality among American veterans age 70 years or older during a two-to-three year interval from 1993/94 to the end of 1995. Using a structural hazard rate model, we analyzed data on a sample of respondents age 70 or over from the Survey of Asset and Health Dynamics among the Oldest Old (AHEAD). We found that at age 70, older veterans have a slightly higher death rate than their nonveteran counterparts, implying a mortality crossover right before this age. Such excess mortality among veterans increases considerably with age, when other factors are held equal. The direct and indirect effects of veteran status on mortality by means of physical and mental health mostly perform in opposite directions, and such effects vary greatly in magnitude and direction as a function of age. The intervening effects of physical and mental health status decrease substantially with increasing age. Many of the mechanisms inherent in the excess mortality among older veterans are not captured by variations in their health status, especially among the oldest-old. A more extensive study on this topic is urgently needed.     

Leverage and evaluation effectiveness

Weaknesses in evaluations often can be traced to structural limitations in the positions of evaluation researchers. Conventional human relations techniques often are an insufficient basis for securing strong support for evaluation research. Strategies for increasing evaluation research leverage are reviewed. Alignment of evaluation research with regulatory bodies with authority to suspend public program expenditures is advocated. Several likely obstacles in the development of the regulatory evaluation model are anticipated and addressed.     

分层总线式群集系统设计

给出了一种基于通信效率和群集度比(T_e/I_l)构建有限层总线式松耦合并行系统的一般模型,并详细描述下一个6×6群系统的设计思想和实现过程,工作结果将指导这类系统的集成。     

大学生社会公益实践探讨

大学生社会公益实践是由大学生发起或参与的以利他为内容、以公共利益为目标的社会实践活动。大学生社会公益实践活动具有自愿性、社会性、利他性、学习性以及多方联动性等多种属性。应从建构教育启蒙机制、资源整合机制、项目运作机制、风险规避机制和追踪评价机制等方面着手,推动大学生社会公益实践的可持续发展。