比较视野下中美社会工作教育体系探析

美国是社会工作教育体系较为完善的国家之一,其社会工作教育的发展历程与中国的不同,文章通过比较两国社会工作教育在政府、专业协会参与程度、教育规模、层次、师资力量、实习等方面的不同,借鉴其合理之处,来思考我国社会工作教育制度体系的完善。     

Communicative competence and the facilitating and perturbing factors in the socialisation of immigrant students

This work analyses the communicative competence and the factors that facilitate and perturb the socialisation of immigrant students in primary education. It provides greater knowledge concerning the relationship between the immigrant student's social and linguistic competence. It also analyses the presence of difficulties in the different language components (morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics). The sample is made up of a total of 326 immigrant students between 6 and 12 years of age, attending 10 different schools. The study demonstrates that immigrant students possess a low level of linguistic dominion. All the linguistic components analysed are affected, although greater difficulties are evident in morphology and syntax than in semantics and pragmatics. The relationship between linguistic competence and the factors that facilitate and perturb socialisation is underlined. This work concludes that there is a significant relation between semantics and pragmatics and several socialisation factors (leadership, aggressiveness–stubbornness and anxiety–shyness). The educational centres should be aware of the complicated learning process that immigrant students have to go through.     

A network centrality bias: Central individuals in workplace networks have more supportive coworkers

Combining the results of two empirical studies, we investigate the role of alters’ motivation in explaining change in ego’s network position over time. People high in communal motives, who are prone to supportive and altruistic behavior in their interactions with others as a way to gain social acceptance, prefer to establish ties with co-workers occupying central positions in organizational social networks. This effect results in a systematic network centrality bias: The personal network of central individuals (individuals with many incoming ties from colleagues) is more likely to contain more supportive and altruistic people than the personal network of individuals who are less central (individuals with fewer incoming ties). This result opens the door to the possibility that the effects of centrality so frequently documented in empirical studies may be due, at least in part, to characteristics of the alters in an ego’s personal community, rather than to egos themselves. Our findings invite further empirical research on how alters’ motives affect the returns that people can reap from their personal networks in organizations.     

Volcanoes -Recovery from Rage

Abstract

The transition town movement started in the United Kingdom in 2005, with the aim of addressing peak oil and climate change through self-organising community groups. A “transition model” was proposed to guide individual transition town initiatives in their governance processes. More than 40 community groups in Australia have since become recognised as official transition town initiatives by the Transition Network in the United Kingdom. This study explored the adoption of the transition model by community members in one small rural Australian town. The qualitative study used semistructured interviews with 10 active members of this transition town initiative to gather information on its governance processes, aims, gender relations, and carbon reduction strategies. Preliminary findings have indicated that the transition town model offers guidance to facilitate the self-organising required to enable community groups with skilled communicators to promote changes in lifestyle practices of local people in ways that may reduce carbon emissions.     

利益相关者主体性视域下新生代农民工社会保障研究

论述了政府主体性、农民工个体及用人单位主体性发挥在构建新生代农民工社会保障制度方面的重要作用,分析了利益相关者主体性的缺乏导致新生代农民工社会保障制度覆盖率低、退保率高、保障效果差、统筹层次低的原因,提出新生代农民工社会保障制度的构建必须维护政府、用人单位和新生代农民工等利益相关者的主体性地位。     

Keeping up with the digital age: How the American Red Cross uses social media to build relationships

Forty individuals from the American Red Cross were interviewed to explore the use of social media in communicating with key publics. Results show that practicing public relations through social media is effective and necessary in the emerging digital age, as shown through the Red Cross’ development of a two-way dialogue with younger constituents, the media, and the community. This two-way dialogue has been accomplished primarily through Twitter and Facebook, with barriers such as lack of staff and time, and opportunities to improve National Headquarters and local chapter relations. The insights shared by the American Red Cross are useful for both public relations scholars and professionals to help them understand and apply social media practices to build strong, lasting relationships.     

“你,幸福吗?”问倒了谁——从社会救助谈开去

"你幸福吗?"是为数不多的、经由主流媒体产生的2012年度"热词",但其热度的背后应贯穿我们冷静的思考。本文选择从社会救助角度切入,主要从个人家庭、社会建设、政府建设、政权合法性等方面论述社会救助的重要性,从资格获取、资金使用和所涉人员观念转变上论述社会救助的复杂性,最终导出社会救助本然的国家责任伦理本位、社会参与格局和基于政治体制改革后府民关系的初步设想,呼吁落实宣传口号于切实的治理行为。本文并不囿限于"幸福"或者社会救助的概念作讨论,转而向更深层次的体制、制度做了初步挖掘,观点多属个人之见,不免偏狭愚陋,只求探讨和商榷。     

婚姻暴力的社会工作伦理议题

随着婚姻暴力发生频率的上升，越来越多的社会工作专业人员和机构开始介入婚姻暴力事件。暴力不仅损害了女性的生命健康和人格尊严，破坏了家庭的安定和谐，而且对社会也具有较大的破坏力。由于引发婚姻暴力问题的隐蔽性和复杂性，社会工作专业人员在介入时，可能面临着各种伦理难题，专业人员要仔细考量各种选择的利弊并做出正确的价值判断。     

基于政治安全视角的网络谣言治理

虚拟社会的繁荣兴盛带来了网络政治的迅猛发展,其独特的吸引力以及虚拟社会相对宽松的政治氛围,导致谣言开始借助网络渠道进行传播,对国家的政治安全形成了严重冲击,消解了政府的公信力,弱化了主流价值观的影响力,扰乱了政治参与的有序性。因此,需要从政治层面探究网络谣言的成因,通过加强对新型虚拟社会组织的管理,对政府主体行为进行规制,提升社会公众的网络政治素养,构建虚拟社会与现实社会的良性互动,健全网络传播行为的法律规范等途径,在多种主体的共同参与下运用多种策略实施综合性治理,才能达到对网络谣言有效治理的最终目的。     

"智慧城市"助力我国城市发展模式转型

“智慧城市”是IBM公司在全球化背景下针对社会变化、科技发展、市场实践和全球重大问题所提出的全新理念，它也为解决我国城市发展面临的难题提供了手段。我们应正视“智慧城市”带来的好处及可能引发的不利影响，抓住机遇，积极应对，推动城市走上科学发展之路。’