论政府社会保障政策能力建设

我国目前的社会保障形势非常严峻,为此必须大力加强政府社会保障政策能力建设。政府社会保障政策能力是指政府科学制定社会保障政策和执行社会保障政策的能力。为了切实提高政府社会保障政策能力,我们必须完善政府的社会保障政策问题发现机制、社会保障政策民主参与机制、社会保障政策执行机制、社会保障政策评估机制、社会保障政策决策者责任追究机制和社会保障政策调整机制,等等。     

Social Policy and Development in Latin America: The Long View

In the new development strategy currently shaping Latin America, alternative social policy models have emerged. This article argues that far from being rival alternatives, each of these models considers the wide differences among countries. The region is emerging from a century of transformation – from a traditional agrarian economy to an urban industrial one – in which countries have taken diverse historical paths. Some have almost completed this transformation, others are taking early steps, and the vast majority are living through it. State‐led transition has followed two successive development strategies. From the 1920s up to the 1980s, state developmentalism has mostly successfully assumed the twin challenges of economic and social progress. In the last two decades of the century, Latin American states adopted the policies of the Washington Consensus, which emphasized the importance of business in the framework of globalization and benefited the affluent few. However, an unambiguous shift in direction has been taking place in Latin America since the 1997 economic crisis. This article suggests that a new developmental welfare state model seems to be in the making. How will it evolve over the wider space of an increasingly integrated Latin America?     

从自治到保甲--近代北京郊区的乡村政治

从晚清开始,国家权力逐渐深入农村。京郊政治的近代转型建立在国家力图榨取社会财富服务于战争的基础之上。在自治时期,增加附加税等榨取财富的方式,促成了农村以看护青苗为主要功能的自发自治组织———青苗会的巩固和壮大,以寺庙为公共空间的地方政权名变而实未变。自日伪落实保甲以后,为村民服务的地方社区领袖逐渐分化,部分人成为政府搜刮民脂民膏的工具。村庄旧有的文化网络被打破,地方行政最终被收编,保甲制彻底破坏了农村的自治组织。在这些变迁中,地方社会与国家行政的博弈值得深入探究。     

Putting the ‘public’ into public service delivery for social welfare in South Africa

Mubangizi BC, Gray M. Putting the ‘public’ into public service delivery for social welfare in South Africa Int J Soc Welfare 2011: 20: 212–219 © 2010 The Author(s), International Journal of Social Welfare © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of SocialWelfare. The privatisation of some essential services in South Africa has raised severe difficulties for those for whom the idea of fees for services is quite foreign and who, in any case, cannot afford to pay for services. The government has developed several initiatives to educate people about the need to pay for services provided by local government, the largest of which was the Masakhane fees‐for‐services campaign. This article describes two recent initiatives that seek to engage local citizen participation, namely, Integrated Development Plans and izimbizo (or traditional forums). These are examined along with the challenges faced by local government in promoting citizenship participation in service delivery within a decentralised system of governance. The article concludes with some recommendations on how citizen participation can be enhanced so as to make the ‘public’ visible in public service delivery and thus improve social welfare services.     

社会和谐是中国特色社会主义的本质属性

社会和谐发挥了中国特色社会主义推动社会发展的优势。它有可能做到完全按照社会发展的需要和最广大人民的利益去调节生产关系和上层建筑,使其不断适应生产力发展的要求,从而达到整个社会协调持续地向前发展,政治经济文化社会保持和谐稳定的状态。社会和谐反映了中国特色社会主义在社会关系方面的特征,它符合于中国特色社会主义发展的历史趋势,体现了中国特色社会主义的基本价值取向。实现人的全面自由发展,是科学社会主义的最高价值取向,也是共产主义社会最本质的特征。而人的自由全面发展的标志,是每个人的自由发展是一切人的自由发展的条件。这恰恰就是人与人和谐相处的最高境界,是社会关系和谐的最高境界。今天我们建设社会主义和谐社会就是在为实现这个目标而奋斗。     

论“人的全面发展”是社会主义的本质要求

江泽民提出“人的全面发展”是社会主义的本质要求 ,有其理论依据和现实根据。马克思、恩格斯、列宁、毛泽东、邓小平等无产阶级革命领袖把“人的全面发展”作为社会主义的基本规定 ;全面建设小康社会需要人的全面发展 ,因为人是社会的主体 ;社会主义在当今世界面临着严峻的生存压力 ,面对着资本主义的竞争和挤压 ,社会主义要生存与发展 ,必须促进人的全面发展 ,表现出社会主义的优越性     

东汉五原太守崔寔边疆开发的理论与实践

针对东汉后期土地兼并,中原人民流离失所的情况,崔寔建议把边疆地区作为移民开发的理想场所,并把移民开发的作用提到了新的认识高度。在任五原太守期间,他推广先进的生产技术,建立和完善抵抗北方游牧民族的防御体系,使五原郡经济发展,社会安定,为维护东汉王朝在边疆统治的稳固做出了贡献。     

我国冰雪体育旅游现状及发展策略探究

随着北京-张家界申办2022年冬季奥运会的成功,冰雪体育旅游迅速成为了当今最受关注的热门产业之一。如果能抓住这次发展机遇,大力开展冰雪体育旅游项目,可以为当地旅游业的发展创造极大的收益,与此同时还能提升我国冰雪体育旅游层次。通过阐述我国冰雪体育旅游的发现现状,对其中存在的问题和面临的挑战进行分析,结合实际情况提出冰雪体育旅游的发展对策。     

中国城市化发展进程的思考

城市化是一个国家或地区走向现代化的重要内容。我国要在2020年实现全面小康社会的奋斗目标以及本世纪中叶基本实现现代化,必须加快城市化步伐。而作为世界上人口最多、特别是农村人口占绝对比重的发展中国家,如何落实科学发展观,选择一条适合中国国情的城市化发展道路,对中国目前乃至未来经济社会的可持续发展必将产生重要而深远的影响。