A dynamic and cyclical model of bounded ethicality

We introduce a new model of bounded ethicality which helps explain three persistent puzzles of ethical behavior: when moral awareness is or is not present, when ethical behavior is more or less consistent with past behavior, and when blind spots obscure our ethical failures. The original conception of bounded ethicality (Chugh, Banaji, & Bazerman, 2005) described the systematic psychological constraints on ethical behavior and has contributed to our field's understanding of the phenomena of everyday, “ordinary” unethical behavior. In this more detailed model, we delineate these systematic processes and mechanisms and show how concepts of automaticity, self-view, and self-threat play critical roles in our ethical decision-making. The model describes distinct, asymmetric patterns of (un)ethical behavior and pinpoints the contingency which determines which pattern is more likely to unfold, including when we will trend to more or less automaticity and more or less ethical behavior. Our model integrates and synthesizes many of the key models and findings in recent behavioral ethics research into a single, overarching model of ethical decision-making, offering an anchor for new questions and a new realm of study.     

未成年人道德教育困境的原因及对策研究——以西安市中小学生道德教育为例

加强和改进未成年人思想道德建设是公民道德建设的重要内容。社会转型期中小学思想道德教育存在一些问题和困境,为了加强和改进西安市中小学生德育工作,走出德育困境,政府应为中小学德育工作提供良好的社会政策支持;建立开展长效性社会道德实践活动的工作机制,扎深道德教育的根基;坚持道德教育的整体协调性,加强全体市民道德教育,为未成年学生创造良好的社会道德环境;努力推进家庭教育工作,办好各级各类家长学校,优化家庭德育环境;加强社区未成年人中小学生思想道德建设工作,优化社区微观环境;全面改革和创新学校德育体制,强化学校德育效果。     

技术援助与以色列软实力构建

技术援助作为一国对外政策的重要组成部分，在建构国家软实力的过程中发挥着重要作用。以色列自建国以来就十分重视技术援助在外交中的作用，成立了以色列国际合作中心，专门负责对外技术援助。经过60多年的发展，至2009年，以色列国际合作中心已经在以色列和海外培训了超过25万、来自132个国家的人员，不仅如此，还在世界范围内建立了数十个示范工程。技术援助的成功实施，改善了以色列的国际形象，提升了以色列的人文外交能力，成为以色列外交政策的重要组成部分。     

国际视域下的中国水文化建设--中西方水文化系列研究之三

将中国水文化介绍给世界，将世界水文化介绍给中国，有利于促进世界水文化交流，加强我国水文化建设。我们应该在明确涉外水文化传播主体、主题和途径的基础上，努力推动相关工作进展，为中华文化软实力的提升做出自己的贡献。     

Articulating influence: Toward a research agenda for interpreting the evaluation of soft power,public diplomacy and nation brands

While the terms soft power, public diplomacy (PD) and nation brands have cemented their place in academic discourse during the early 21st century, the evaluation of these activities has not been given anywhere near the same level of attention. When describing how campaigns are evaluated, scholars tend to make assumptions based on the goals or outputs of an initiative rather than on the basis of reliable, empirical data on its results. Strong positivist tendencies within current scholarship usually lead to evaluation being considered in terms of methodology and best practice, typically with the assumption that certain preferred outcomes will be demonstrable if an ideal model is followed. Most significantly, such approaches seem to underplay the interests and objectives that inform and constrain choices surrounding modes of communication and evaluation. I argue here that PD activities are rarely the product of rational choices about communication options, and nor is PD evaluation the result of applying the “best” methodology. Rather, questions of PD and evaluation practices are bound together in complex organizational and power structures that generate pragmatic responses both to the “problem of influence” and the reporting of results. Through use of the concept of articulation, this article outlines a framework for interpreting evaluation practices from a contextualized perspective, which grasps how and why soft power practices assume certain forms.     

启蒙运动早期洛克对道德的奠基:谋划和证成

启蒙运动自始就有为道德价值重新奠基的抱负,洛克为此作出了巨大的努力与贡献.一是肯认自然法作为道德价值的根基,认为自然法是上帝的意志的体现,从而可以绝对、普遍地约束我们的行为,而我们的感觉和理解力虽然薄弱,但是可以认识到它.二是通过美德把自然法与功利或幸福关联起来,认为只有遵循自然法才能带来真正的功利或幸福.功利不是道德的基础,而是道德的结果.所以,有些学者认为洛克的道德思想中实质基础是功利,并认为他是享乐主义者是站不住脚的.     

Soft OR comes of age—but not everywhere!

Over the last forty years, new methods and methodologies have been developed to deal with wicked problems or “messes”. They are structured and rigorous but non-mathematical. Prime examples are: soft systems methodology (SSM), cognitive mapping/SODA and the strategic choice approach (SCA). Collectively they are known as Soft OR, Soft Systems, or Problem Structuring Methods (PSMs). Soft OR has now come of age in terms of both dealing with complex practical situations and having a presence in the academic literature. However, Soft OR is not recognized, or even seen as a legitimate part of an OR, everywhere and this is especially so in the US, where top journals such as Operations Research and Management Science do not publish Soft OR papers. The purpose of this paper is to generate an informed discussion and debate, which may lead to a greater recognition of the contribution of Soft OR, and to it being seen to be a proper part of the OR discipline worldwide. In order to achieve this, the first section outlines the nature of Soft OR and describes briefly some of the main methods. The second section demonstrates that Soft OR has been successful both in practice and within the academic literature. The third section documents the invisibility of Soft OR within important sections of the OR literature, and the final section then suggests some explanations for this, and also proposes practical actions to try and alleviate the problem. It is not suggested that Soft OR is an alternative to traditional, mathematical OR but, rather, a complement.     

浅析美国政府行政伦理与反腐败机制建设

美国政府不断强化行政伦理建设,对于预防腐败、保持廉洁成效明显,值得我们研究并借鉴。政府加强行政伦理建设的重要性在于：有利于从根本上预防腐败;可预防不违法、却是不道德的腐败;事先预防比事后惩罚更具有成效。其对中国预防腐败的重要启示是：通过强化行政伦理建设,加强对政府施政行为的严密监管;应注重事先主动的预防,而不是事后被动的惩罚。     

哈贝马斯基因伦理思想初探

哈贝马斯是当代著名的思想家,科学技术是他考察的一个重要话题。他的新作《人性的未来》一书,集中表达了他对基因干预、基因改善、自由优生与人性关系的看法。在这本书中,哈贝马斯以当前基因技术的发展为基础,考察了基因技术与人的道德之间出现的矛盾和冲突。在反思这些矛盾和冲突的时候,他从人类学的广阔视野出发,认为只有将人的生命置于主体间性中,才能避免在基因技术发展中对其他生命的控制和操纵。     

中国和平发展道路与软力量建设

本文从探讨硬力量和软力量的基本概念及其相互关系入手,分析中国软力量发展的结构性缺陷,指出这种力量失衡与新一轮"中国威胁论"产生的相关性;进而根据中国国情和其他大国的历史经验,提出中国发展软力量的战略设想和目标定位。