从数字鸿沟到数字包容：老年人参与数字乡村建设的策略选择

从数字鸿沟到数字包容视角,解释通过数字包容策略化解数字鸿沟,尝试解决农村老年人参与数字乡村不足的难题。研究发现,当前老年人参与数字乡村建设的技术困境主要体现为数字鸿沟的存在,具体表现为基础设施的“接入鸿沟”、智能设备的“使用鸿沟”以及能力素养的“知识鸿沟”,实则反映了技术与治理、行政与自治、增权与赋能的三大困境。而实现从数字鸿沟向数字包容的转变,制度安排是其中的关键因素。在制度安排层面要关注政策执行的精准度、居民需求的回应度和治理系统的适应度。在实践取向层面需遵循人本主义、简约主义和整体智治。为弥合乡村数字鸿沟,提升老年人数字包容,未来需要从组织维度助推老年人数字包容治理,从行为维度提升老年人数字参与能力,从技术维度增强老年人数字资源供给,以更好地推进数字乡村战略实施。     

数字鸿沟的测算标准探析

鉴于数字鸿沟研究从一开始就具有典型的问题导向特征,因此在选择和构建数字鸿沟测算方法时应更多地考虑它的适用性。一般来讲,选择和构建一种测算方法时应做到以下几点：其一,这种方法体现了数字鸿沟的四个质的规定性——数字化、差距、比较、扩散与应用;其二,这种方法能清楚地回答关于数字鸿沟的三类问题——现状、趋势、对策;其三,这种方法符合三个基本原则——理论通用、内涵直观、数据完整。     

新时期电子政府的政治影响及其发展

电子政府以公民服务为中心,可通过政府信息和服务平等的配置使得公民获得广泛的参政机会,开辟了一种新的政府治理模式。综合运用引证法、例证法、比较分析法等,以期从政治哲学角度阐明其与政府善治及政治民主的理论契合——能够实现政府信息及服务的平等配置,这不仅需要政府责任感的增强及相应硬件设备的提供,而且需要克服诸如数字鸿沟等现实障碍。此外,新时期电子政府的发展带来的政治影响正在日益显现,对加快我国服务型政府建设及政治变革产生了积极效应。     

基于聚类分析的中国农村养老区域划分研究

本文利用国家统计局及人力资源和社会保障部编制的年鉴资料．从中选取了18个与农村养老区域划分相关的统计指标,采用因子分析和聚类分析方法对我国31个省（自治区、直辖市）的农村进行了养老区域类型的划分,并提出相关的对策建议．以期为我国新型农村社会养老保险政策的实施及各区域农村养老保障模式的选择提供依据和参考。     

Revisiting the digital divide in Canada: the impact of demographic factors on access to the internet,level of online activity,and social networking site usage

The present study relies on the 2010 Canadian Internet Use Survey to investigate differences in people's access to the internet and level of online activity. The study not only revisits the digital divide in the Canadian context, but also expands current investigations by including an analysis of how demographic factors affect social networking site (SNS) adoption. The findings demonstrate that access to the internet reflects existing inequalities in society with income, education, rural/urban, immigration status, and age all affecting adoption patterns. Furthermore, the results show that inequality in access to the internet is now being mimicked in the level of online activity of internet users. More recent immigrants to Canada have lower rates of internet access; however, recent immigrants who are online have significantly higher levels of online activity than Canadian born residents and earlier immigrants. Additionally, women perform fewer activities online than men. People's use of SNSs differs in terms of education, gender, and age. Women were significantly more likely to use SNSs than men. Interestingly, high school graduates had the lowest percentage of adoption compared to all other education categories. Current students were by far the group that utilized SNSs the most. Canadian born, recent, and early immigrants all showed similar adoption rates of SNSs. Age is a strong predictor of SNS usage, with young people relying heavily on SNSs in comparison to those aged 55+. The findings demonstrate that the digital divide not only persists, but has expanded to include inequality in the level of online activity and SNS usage.     

Downloading inclusion: a statistical analysis of young people's digital communication inequalities

In this article we quantitatively explore digital inequalities in the context of the on-going transition toward a new communication landscape, defined by the emergence of a mass self-communication system as well as of a new culture of convergence around media consumption and production. Digital communication inequalities arise when technological, socio-economic, cultural and institutional factors influence active participation in this emerging communication system, a process that is and will continue to be particularly relevant among the young. While communication inequalities have been the object of much theoretical and qualitative research, their statistical analysis remains unattended. We used recent Eurostat micro-data to better understand how demographic, socio-economic and cultural factors affect communication inequalities in Europe, performing a detailed statistical analysis on the Spanish case. We found that the ability to contribute to the new media ecology by uploading self-created content is significantly correlated to the activity of downloading online material, an association that, at this stage, is more relevant than the one observed for other factors. At one point, young European “downloaders” start to upload and contribute, a cultural mechanism that is currently driving inclusion more strongly than the socio-economic avenues that are normally considered in the literature on the digital divide. In the conclusion of the study, we reflect on the policy implications of these findings.     

Inequality in mobilizing online help after a negative life event: the role of education,digital skills,and capital-enhancing Internet use

Many studies have investigated inequalities in coping with stressful life events and often education is found to play a role in this (the higher educated are usually more successful in dealing with their problems in terms of well-being consequences). We examine whether something similar occurs on the Internet, whether the higher educated are more successful in mobilizing help online, and whether this is related to their digital skills and the way in which they use the Internet. With the latter, we link online coping to digital inequality research. Researchers have investigated digital inequalities with regard to skills and types of Internet use. However, we know little about the extent to which these factors translate into inequalities in resources mobilized from the Internet. This latter type of inequality is highly relevant, since it is an intermediary step between Internet use and (improved) well-being and life chances. Using a large sample of individuals living in the Netherlands, we find educational differences in the mobilization of online problem-focused coping resources, but no differences with regard to online socioemotional or disengagement coping resources. The educational inequalities in online coping are somewhat smaller than educational inequalities in offline coping, leading to remarkable consequences for social policy. Furthermore, we find a relatively complex pattern of interrelations between offline inequality (education) and different types of digital inequality (skills, usage, resources). In our conclusions we make a plea for more research on outcomes of Internet use and we discuss the implications of our findings for further research.     

松辽盆地深层天然气区带评价和资源预测

采用统计分析、类比评价、区带地质评价等方法，对松辽盆地深层天然气区带与资源潜力进行分析和评价。在天然气供烃条件、储集条件、圈闭条件、保存条件与配套条件统计分析的基础上，建立起松辽盆地深层天然气区带地质评价参数取值标准；计算了刻度区天然气资源丰度，并对刻度区天然气资源丰度(y)与地质评价系数(x)进行回归分析和拟合；根据区带地质条件的差异，对松辽盆地深层区带进行级别划分；松辽盆地深层天然气资源主要分布在徐家围子、庙台子等断陷中。     

Back to the future,disability and the digital divide

The aim of this article is to explore disability and the digital divide using a quantitative methodology. The research investigates what impact digital technologies have had in improving the life-chances for disabled people from deprived neighbourhoods in the northeast of England. The study explores how disabled people engage with digital and assistive technologies in order to overcome disabling barriers and social exclusion. Unfortunately, the analysis found no evidence that digital and assistive technologies had any impact on reducing social exclusion for disabled people. In fact, the research discovered that these technologies seemed to construct new forms of disabling barriers as a consequence of the digital divide.