新发现的南社诗人张素小说作品

《远东报》是晚清东北地区最早的中文报纸,其“文苑”专栏所刊载的大量文学作品,至今尚未引起学界关注。当时主持《远东报》笔政的乃是南社诗人张素,他以“婴”或“婴公”为笔名,在《远东报》上刊发了他的长篇小说《最新之儒林外史》和若干诗词作品。通过对这些材料的搜集与整理,丰富了我们对这位南社诗人的认识。     

论陈梦家的抒情诗创作

现代诗人陈梦家的创作风格及其在诗歌史上的地位长期以来并未得到人们足够的重视。作为新月诗派的后起之秀,陈梦家专注于东方抒情诗的写作,其诗感情含蓄真纯,空灵朦胧,自成一家;陈梦家对新月诗论既继承又多有创新,他的创作中存在的思想知觉化、联想奇特化等象征主义特征,开启了30年代现代派的先声。     

以学生学习为导向的小学语文作业设计探讨

教师的作业设计,从一个侧面体现了教师的教育思想、教育观念、教育追求,密切联系着学生的成长。小学语文作业设计应该回归教师设计原点,紧扣语文学科的特点,从学生的学习特点、学习需要出发,注重学生的语感培养和语文实践活动,达到提高学生的语文素养的目的。     

叶维廉对道家美学的现代阐释

叶维廉对道家美学的现代阐释包括三个方面:一、以“以物观物”概括中国诗学的美感经验及其中国美学的风范;二、以“直觉”阐释道家美学,却与康德分道扬镳,倾向于经验主义一派;三、以道家对“自然”自生自律自化的运作反思西方现代工业文明困境的出路。叶维廉强调对道家精神的现代回归,期望从传统文化中汲取有益于现代生活的理念,有其理论意义。但我们要进一步反思道家美学与中国传统文化的关系,中国文学现代化的进程中道家美学所扮演的角色。     

The Best and Worst Times of Life: Narratives and Assessments of Subjective Well-Being by Anamnestic Comparative Self Assessment (ACSA) in the Eastern Cape,South Africa

The Anamnestic Comparative Self Assessment (ACSA) measure of subjective well-being (SWB) aims to reduce the problems of cultural bias and relativity to external standards by allowing people to define the endpoints or ‘anchors’ of the measurement scale. In medical terminology anamnestic denotes ‘based on memory’. The ACSA uses subjects’ memories of the best and worst periods in their lives to define the anchors of the scale. They then assess their current quality of life relative to these personal anchors. The South African pilot study tested the match between self-assessment of SWB with ACSA and the conventional single-item measures of life satisfaction and happiness used in the South African Quality of Life Trends Study and analysed the narratives of the best and worst times of life. The quota sample of 46 consisted of 26 residents of Makana district in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, and 20 patients undergoing treatment in the local TB hospital. Mean SWB ratings with all three measures of life satisfaction, happiness and ACSA were between 5 and 6 on a 0–10-point scale. Ratings on all three scales were positively correlated. However, on ACSA the TB patients rated their current SWB 1.84 points lower than the community respondents, suggesting a greater sensitivity of this measure. It was observed that the starting points of the life stories produced by respondents to define the anchor periods for ACSA were related to their current assessment of SWB. A typology was developed that combined the starting point of the life stories with current SWB. The majority of community respondents matched the ‘Achiever’ type who scored positively on ACSA (i.e., above the mid-point of the scale) and whose life stories started with the worst period of their lives and proceeded to the best period. The TB patients were the only respondents to represent the ‘Survivor’ type whose morale had recovered after misfortune in life. ‘Survivors’ started their narratives with the best period in their lives, then moved to the worst (often health-related) one, and gave positive ACSA ratings. Based on the qualitative analysis of narratives, it is concluded that ACSA is a sensitive measurement instrument and therefore particularly useful for monitoring the effects of treatments and social interventions in longitudinal studies. However, further research is required to verify its cross-cultural validity.

曾国藩对后世深远影响之论析

曾国藩为政上被誉为“成同中兴第一臣”,为文上被称为“桐城古文的中兴大将”。曾氏去世后,清廷以国葬之礼厚待,当朝权贵文士撰文盛赞其不朽功业。清末反满革命浪潮迭起,曾氏受到革命党人斥责在所难免,但文学成就仍受后人称颂,再传弟子林纾光复湘乡文派。曾国藩的丰功伟业在一定程度上激发毛泽东救国救民伟大抱负,蒋介石也以之为效法榜样来治理国家。     

Evaluating the benefit from the help of the parent–teacher association to child performance

The contribution of parental involvement in the parent–teacher association (PTA) to schoolchildren's performance is an issue for evaluation research. To resolve the issue, it is reasonable to differentiate people who benefit and others who do not benefit from the involvement. Such differentiation relied on survey data from 289 pairs of Hong Kong Chinese parents and their children between Grade 4 and Grade 9. It revealed that only 28.8% of the parent–child pairs had their child performance benefiting from the help of parent–teacher associations (in terms of a standardized effect of .2). Factors predictive of this minority subgroup were the child's grade and having a single parent. These factors tend to identify the need for help from parent–teacher associations, which can be a consideration for planning effective help from the associations.     

论法兰克福学派的大众文化批判理论

真正的艺术作为最精致的文化造物是人的自由自主的本质的最深刻的体现,以及人类社会进化的重要的内在驱动力。但在现代发达工业社会的背景中,艺术也不可避免地走向了异化。这种异化的艺术集中表现为大众文化。法兰克福学派从大众文化的商品化－创造性的丧失、大众文化的齐一化－个性的虚假、大众文化的欺骗性－超越纬度的消解和大众文化的操纵性等方面剖析大众文化对人的存在的负面影响。要扬弃大众文化的异化,必须扬弃人的本质的异化,恢复艺术和审美的个性和创造本质,即恢复人的自由自觉的生存方式。     

South Africa's 'Rainbow People', National Pride and Happiness

Since the first free elections were held in April 1994, South Africans are popularly known as the 'rainbow people'. The paper inquires whether South Africans who experienced pride in their nation in the first years of democracy also perceived a greater sense of subjective well-being. It is proposed that national pride in post-apartheid South Africa might be fused with or work through self-esteem to lift levels of happiness. The paper traces the history of the new integrating civil religion of the rainbow people and the acceptance of the rainbow as a political symbol of unity among the diverse people of South Africa immediately after the 1994 elections and two years later. The proposed link between national pride and happiness was explored with data from two independent national surveys, the 1995 South African World Values Survey conducted by Markinor and a June 1996 MarkData syndicated omnibus survey. The study found that the appeal of the rainbow as political symbol was inclusive of all groups in society and that feelings of national pride and support for the rainbow ideal were positively associated with subjective well-being. As indicated by intensity and frequency measures, the majority of South Africans were proud of their country and could name a national achievement that inspired pride. Better-off South Africans tended to be happier and more satisfied with life but less proud, while the poor were less happy but fiercely proud of their country. Results suggest that belief in South Africa's 'rainbow nation' ideal may have assisted in boosting happiness during the transition to a stable democracy, thereby preventing alienation among the losers under the new political dispensation. Supporters of the ideal of the rainbow nation were more optimistic than others about the future of their country.