Forty years of doctoral public relations research in Spain: A quantitative study of dissertation contribution to theory development

In this article, doctoral dissertations on public relations written at Spanish universities (1965–2004) are examined in order to gain an understanding of the level of theory development within the discipline. The following subjects are studied: growth over time, universities where they were written, use of language, gender and the topics of doctoral dissertations. Although still in its early development, public relations doctoral research in Spain is a well-established and burgeoning field in terms of the total of theses examined (62). The conclusion, however, is that their contribution to theory building in public relations has been negligible, with the practical or operational side of public relations standing out more than the conceptual and theoretical side.     

试论西班牙17世纪衰落的历史教训

16世纪时,西班牙称霸欧洲,盛极一世.进入17世纪便迅速地衰落,以致最终成为欧洲的乞丐.其兴盛的原因,是由于从新大陆流入的财富在其中起了重要的作用,并占有外来财富的极大部分.但是,西班牙王朝却将其用于买卖商品,进行军事扩张,从而摧毁了西班牙的工农业和商业.     

Organizations in Movement: An Ethnographer in the Spanish Campaign <Emphasis Type="Italic">Poverty Zero</Emphasis>

During the year 2005 many organizations took part in Poverty Zero, a campaign that aims to reach the United Nation’s Millennium Development Goals for 2015. Based on participant observation and open ended interviews, this paper describes the origins, development, and evaluation of Poverty Zero in Andalusia (Spain). It examines, by means of ethnography, how DNGOs (Development Nongovernmental Organizations) create social movement networks, and explores the limits and possibilities of their advocacy activities. The paper concludes that DNGOs tend to generate centralized social movements with reduced questioning of the global system. Nevertheless, as shown in the case of the Andalusian Alliance against Poverty, the more decentralized a movement, the deeper its transformational potential.

Evictions,Petitions and Escraches: Contentious Housing in Austerity Spain

In the context of the new period of mobilization begun in Spain with the rise of the indignados in May 2011, protests against home evictions are today at the center of local and international discussions. This article seeks to make an initial examination of these mobilizations and their relationship with routine politics in Spain. After a brief historical introduction the article looks at the different kinds of action, both contentious and conventional, employed by the movement against the evictions, as well as the various scale shift mechanisms that have diversified the number and range of actors involved in this particular case of contentious politics. The conclusions look at the question of as to what point recent developments have broken with the deep-rooted tendency toward a lack of interaction between protest movements and institutional actors.     

The Evolution of Family Policy in Spain

Summary

The aim of this article is to trace the evolution of Spanish family policy from its beginning in the 1930s to the present, showing the shifting role played by the State in defining and supporting family formation and functioning. Different periods areconsidered according to the objectives and characteristics of this policy as well as according to the support it received from the political forces ruling in each period. For each period, objectives, mechanisms, output and outcome are analyzed. The evolution over the whole period has been, on one hand, away from support of the patriarchal family to the recognition of family pluralism, and, on the other, evolution from a government provided family salary to a policy intended to combat poverty.     

西班牙“最后的浪漫主义”——谈格拉纳多斯的钢琴音乐创作

恩里克·格拉纳多斯,以其带有强烈西班牙民族色彩的浪漫主义钢琴音乐创作而被誉为19世纪西班牙民族乐派最为重要的作曲家之一。他的钢琴音乐创作不仅植根于本民族民间音乐素材,并且承继晚期浪漫主义大统,将当时的伊比利亚钢琴音乐创作推向了巅峰。     

西班牙同性婚姻合法化探析

西班牙是世界上第三个同性婚姻合法化的国家,其同性婚姻法案于2005年7月3日生效。该法案的主要内容是赋予同性伴侣与异性伴侣同等的权利,以及允许同性伴侣收养子女。在立法的过程中,西班牙社会各界对该法案的态度不同。萨帕特罗政府提出并积极推动立法,但遭到了人民党、教会和一些社会团体的反对。该法案在众议院首次通过后,参议院提交了否决案。一周之后,众议院再次投票通过。西班牙同性婚姻合法化是各种利益、各种信仰、各种观念的妥协和平衡。     

Working life and retirement pensions in Spain: The simulated impact of a parametric reform

This article aims to offer an ex ante evaluation of the impact of a parametric reform of the Spanish pension system that would involve increasing the reference period used to calculate benefits, an approach proposed many times by various actors in the socio‐economic field. Such gradual change may be categorized as a non‐structural reform of the pension system. This contrasts with reforms of a structural nature that have been very popular in Latin America and elsewhere, involving the creation of defined contribution individual account schemes. As regards the parametric reform proposed in this article, the main findings indicate that it would have a small but negative impact on pension income for pensioners and would reduce income distribution.     

The impact of the crisis on homelessness in Spain: social intervention in a context of greater need and fewer resources

The purpose of this article is to deepen the understanding of the impact of the social and economic crisis on homeless people in Spain. To this end we present the results of research carried out prior to the crisis and later updated in the midst of the economic recession, underscoring the main results obtained in both periods and tracing their evolution. The number of homeless people in Spain has risen as a result of the crisis. Moreover, while some characteristics of this group remain the same, others have changed. Hence, difficulties in access to the labour market and cuts in certain economic benefits are resulting in an increase in the duration of social inclusion processes. This results in a worsening of the personal situation of the homeless, especially in relation to mental illness and substance abuse. The immigrant population is the group most affected by these impacts. The situation clearly demonstrates the need to reflect on how to deal with the problem of homelessness in Spain, and to rethink the way professionals intervene, especially during periods of economic recession.