Detection of jump location curve in spatial linear regression model with two-dimensional threshold

In the context of spatial linear regression, we discuss detection of jump location curve treated as threshold curve which cannot be expressed by independent variables but indirectly determines two specific model forms. The threshold curve in this paper is described by a straight line with two location variables, longitude and latitude, and can be estimated by maximizing the coefficient difference between two one-sided linear regression models. Theoretical results show that the estimator is consistent. Our method performs well by numerical studies.     

提高报纸版面注意力初探--以《连云港日报》为例*

阐述了通过多种视角元素整合,以形式美吸引读者眼球;增强版面视角冲击力,吸引读者注意力,在此基础上,结合《连云港日报》提高版面注意力的实践的分析,提出了《连云港日报》提高版面注意力的改进措施.     

Analysis of spatial frailty models by a weighted estimating equation

Spatially correlated survival data are frequently observed in ecological and epidemiological studies. An assumption in the clustered survival models is inter-cluster independence, which may not be adequate to model the dependence in spatial settings. For survival data, the likelihood function based on a spatial frailty may be complicated. In this paper, we develop a weighted estimating equation for spatially right-censored data. Some large sample properties for the estimate are developed. We also conduct simulations to compare estimation performance with other methods. A data set from a study of forest decline in Wisconsin is used to illustrate the proposed method.     

湿地公园道路规划设计内涵分析

湿地公园的道路不是以通达性和便利性为目的，而是以不破坏自然环境为前提，从生态保护的角度出发进行规划设计。本文分析了影响道路规划的最重要的自然因素和生态因素，对道路类型的选择、道路路网整体合理的布局、路网密度的控制、适当的选线布局、道路设计的生态性创造几方面进行了分析，并论述了与一般城市公园的不同之处。     

A combination multiple comparisons and subset selection procedure to identify treatments that are strictly inferior to the best

This paper considers the problem of identifying which treatments are strictly worse than the best treatment or treatments in a one-way layout, which has many important applications in screening trials for new product development. A procedure is proposed that selects a subset of the treatments containing only treatments that are known to be strictly worse than the best treatment or treatments. In addition, simultaneous confidence intervals are obtained which provide upper bounds on how inferior the treatments are compared with these best treatments. In this way, the new procedure shares the characteristics of both subset selection procedures and multiple comparison procedures. Some tables of critical points are provided for implementing the new procedure, and some examples of its use are given.     

Rank-based test procedures for interaction in the two-way layout with one observation per cell

New aligned-rank test procedures for the composite null hypothesis of no interaction effects (without placing restrictions on the two main effects) against appropriate composite general alternatives are developed for the standard two-way layout with a single observation per cell. Relative power performances of the two new aligned-rank procedures and existing tests due to Tukey (1949) and to de Kroon & van der Laan (1981) are examined via Monte Carlo simulation. Extensive power studies conducted on the 5 × 6 and 5 × 9 two-way layouts with one observation per cell show superior performance of the new procedures for a variety of interaction effects. Simulated critical values for the new procedures are provided in settings where the number of levels for each of the factors is between 3 and 9, inclusive.     

Estimation of parameterized spatio-temporal dynamic models

Spatio-temporal processes are often high-dimensional, exhibiting complicated variability across space and time. Traditional state-space model approaches to such processes in the presence of uncertain data have been shown to be useful. However, estimation of state-space models in this context is often problematic since parameter vectors and matrices are of high dimension and can have complicated dependence structures. We propose a spatio-temporal dynamic model formulation with parameter matrices restricted based on prior scientific knowledge and/or common spatial models. Estimation is carried out via the expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm or general EM algorithm. Several parameterization strategies are proposed and analytical or computational closed form EM update equations are derived for each. We apply the methodology to a model based on an advection–diffusion partial differential equation in a simulation study and also to a dimension-reduced model for a Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) data set.     

Likelihood-based estimation for Gaussian MRFs

Markov random fields (MRFs) express spatial dependence through conditional distributions, although their stochastic behavior is defined by their joint distribution. These joint distributions are typically difficult to obtain in closed form, the problem being a normalizing constant that is a function of unknown parameters. The Gaussian MRF (or conditional autoregressive model) is one case where the normalizing constant is available in closed form; however, when sample sizes are moderate to large (thousands to tens of thousands), and beyond, its computation can be problematic. Because the conditional autoregressive (CAR) model is often used for spatial-data modeling, we develop likelihood-inference methodology for this model in situations where the sample size is too large for its normalizing constant to be computed directly. In particular, we use simulation methodology to obtain maximum likelihood estimators of mean, variance, and spatial-depencence parameters (including their asymptotic variances and covariances) of CAR models.     

Desktop Publishing for Human Services

Abstract

Computers, especially microcomputers, are helping human service agencies gather and organize an ever-growing amount of information. The new area of desktop publishing can help agencies present that information to clients, funding sources, reporting agencies, and the community, in a clear and easy to understand manner. Desktop publishing can result in professional looking documents at a fraction of the cost of traditional typesetting methods. This paper outlines some of the concepts and benefits of desktop publishing for human services, and points out some of the potential pitfalls.     

国外城市交通发展经验对重庆的启示

目前重庆处于城市迅速扩展的时期，交通问题日益突出，急需通过比较来获得国内外大城市扩展时期交通发展的经验。分析、归纳、总结一些国际大都市的交通结构、轨道网络以及交通政策，结合重庆交通发展现状，为重庆的交通发展建设提供借鉴。