Best Spatial Two‐Stage Least Squares Estimators for a Spatial Autoregressive Model with Autoregressive Disturbances

Abstract

Estimation of a cross‐sectional spatial model containing both a spatial lag of the dependent variable and spatially autoregressive disturbances are considered. [Kelejian and Prucha (1998)] Kelejian, H. H. and Prucha, I. R. 1998. A generalized spatial two‐stage least squares procedure for estimating a spatial autoregressive model with autoregressive disturbances. J. Real Estate Financ. and Economics, 17: 99–121. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]described a generalized two‐stage least squares procedure for estimating such a spatial model. Their estimator is, however, not asymptotically optimal. We propose best spatial 2SLS estimators that are asymptotically optimal instrumental variable (IV) estimators. An associated goodness‐of‐fit (or over identification) test is available. We suggest computationally simple and tractable numerical procedures for constructing the optimal instruments.     

复杂环境下空间滞后模型的稳健LM检验

 针对误差项非正态分布和不同空间布局的复杂环境,本文提出一种新的空间滞后模型的稳健LM检验统计量及其检验方法,对比现有LM检验方法,它不仅消除了空间误差效应对检验的影响,而且克服了传统检验方法会受误差项非正态分布以及不同空间布局差异的影响。同时还具有在小样本情况下表现依然良好的优点。经过蒙特卡罗模拟的结果支持上述论断。     

The dimensions of mobilities: The spatial relationships between corporeal and digital mobilities

The aim of this article is to study how the corporeal and digital mobilities are spatially organised in relation to each other in everyday life. The dimensions of mobilities are modelled by using survey data (N = 612) collected from Finland in 2011, Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) and Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA). The results show that the combined use of corporeal and digital means of mobility affect the spatial organisation of mobilities only little. The results indicate that young people and students are more likely to benefit from their mobility in networking activities as they are equipped with a larger variety of mobility means than older people and pensioners. Lastly, women and people living in essentially urban areas are more likely to augment their physical travelling practices by using small-sized digital mobilities than men and people living in rural locations.     

中国特色社会主义事业总体布局历史演进及启示

改革开放以来,中国特色社会主义事业总体布局从物质文明建设、精神文明建设"两位一体"到物质文明建设、政治文明建设、精神文明建设"三位一体",到经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设"四位一体",再到经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设"五位一体",经历了一个不断探索、不断创新、日趋完善的发展历程。这是我们党对中国特色社会主义认识的一次次升华,我们可以从中得到一些启示。     

“总体布局”视域下毛泽东三线建设研究

20世纪60年代中期进行的三线建设,是毛泽东从当时中国的国情出发,在战略和长远的角度通盘考虑中国工业发展的布局问题。三线建设中中国工业布局的思想包括：“三五”计划战略重点的转移、三线建设的战略部署、三线建设项目的总体布局以及三线建设中对国民经济布局的调整等措施,这场声势浩大并且影响深远的运动是“总体布局”思想的重要体现。     

上海市外籍人口空间分布历史变迁研究

上海是一座典型的移民城市,其独特的经济文化吸引了大量的外籍人口来此居住生活。在上海城市发展进程中,外籍人口数量呈现波动性增长,空间分布范围也逐步扩大,外籍人口分布重心由上海老县城移向北面的虹口区,然后由虹口区向西南的徐汇区转移。上海市外籍人口空间分布特征一方面受交通运输方式改变的影响,另一方面受上海市产业布局的变动和国家政策导向的影响。基于上海市第六次人口普查数据,通过对外籍人口空间分析可知,外籍人口在上海市形成了以地铁二号线为轴心的条带状分布形态,人口分布为典型的空间集聚模式,在闵行区的虹口镇和浦东区的花木镇形成了两个热点分布区域,并且不同国家的外籍人口具有不同的空间集聚形态。     

基于ESDA的上海少数民族常住人口空间分析

利用2012年上海少数民族常住人口分布数据,采用数理统计和ESDA技术对上海少数民族常住人口数量、分布状况进行研究.研究表明：上海少数民族常住人口数量不断增加且集中分布于中心城边缘区和近郊区;少数民族常住人口在空间格局上存在显著的“同质集聚、异质隔离”;显著的“冷点”区域主要集中在崇明县、金山区等远郊区,显著的“热点”区域主要集中在五角场区域和九亭镇,较为热点的区域主要集中于花木镇、七宝街道、江川路街道、车墩镇和新桥镇等区域,而青浦区、浦东新区大部分区域则是较为冷点区域,中心城区大部分区域形成了随机分布的区域;不同族别的少数民族分布状况有着较大差异,亲缘、地缘和族缘为纽带的乡土观念仍然是少数民族常住人口集聚的重要因素.     

Distant Friends,Mobility and Sensed Intimacy

Abstract

This article draws on a qualitative, interview-based project to argue that emotionally close friendships at-a-distance can create distinctive spatial sensibilities of friendship. These sensibilities are formed when friends move apart geographically. In part, they are composed of the tangible forms of friendship practices (such as visiting), but their main constituent is the more intangible emotional bond between friends which can extend across considerable distances. The spatial sensibilities of friendship thus form particular geographies of intimacy; they shape how individuals come to understand and ‘feel’ spatial distances, and influence individuals’ own feelings about moving.     

Identifying Different Areas of Inhomogenous Mineral Subsoil: Spatial Fluctuation Approaches

We use a recently proposed fluctuation-type procedure for detecting breaks in spatial regions to distinguish between hard and soft areas of inhomogeneous mineral subsoil like additives, air pockets, and adhesion. For a proper application, some refinements of the procedure are necessary. Both simulation evidence of the refinement and the application on the subsoil yield favorable results.     

20世纪40年代中原“半拉报”现象解析--以《阵中日报》和《正义报》为例

20世纪40年代，中原地区部分报纸的主要版面代表统治阶级的立场观点，副刊却在一定程度上表达了民主进步的思想，这种副刊与正刊背道而驰的状态被称作“半拉报”。“半拉报”现象在中原两次出现，有着深厚的社会背景与历史原因。政治势力之间的角逐与力量消长，酝酿了相关文化的生存环境；作家兼报人的责任意识，打造了传播进步文化与民主诉求的阵地；历史文化的积淀融入独特的区域氛围，成就了个性鲜明的表达方式。