北方城镇物业管理发展瓶颈现象透析

物业服务管理公司作为与社区紧密联系的组织，在地域发展中呈现不同特点。本文运用半结构访谈方法，以帕森斯的社会进化论为理论视角，分析了北方城镇物业服务管理发展“瓶颈”形成的原因：一是物业服务管理公司内部组织分化不明晰；二是社区系统本身的发展与物管系统内部发展一致，出现偏差行为后，缺乏必要的社会控制：三是社区中价值主体多元化，而又缺乏有效整合。     

伊拉克战争后的中东嬗变与阿以冲突

伊拉克战后,中东国际关系和地缘政治格局正在发生深刻变化.美国全球和中东战略的调整对阿以冲突的基本格局带来巨大冲击.作为中东热点的阿以问题面临新的地区和国际环境.美国“大中东民主计划”的出台,给中东国家带来巨大压力.阿拉伯国家面临内忧外患,对阿以冲突的关注减弱,而阿以问题对地区和国际局势的影响也趋于下降.作为阿以冲突核心的巴以和谈前景并不乐观,全面的阿以和平前景既取决于双方的和平诚意及战略调整的长期效果,也取决于国际社会在何种程度上认同并参与中东和平进程的行动.     

EVOLUTION AND ULTIMATUM BARGAINING

Empirical research has discovered that experimental subjects in ultimatum bargaining situations generally fail to play the decision-theoretic optimum strategy, and instead play something between that strategy and a fair split. In evolutionary dynamics, fair division and nearly fair division strategies often go to fixation and weakly dominated strategies can do quite well. Computer simulations were done using three different ultimatum bargaining games as determinates of fitness. (1) No tendency toward the elimination of weakly dominated strategies was observed, with or without mutation. (2) Strategies making fair demands had sizable basins of attraction. (3) In a system where five different demands can be made, demands closest to (approximately) 91% had the largest basins of attraction. (4) If the strategies have thresholds for acceptable demands, rather than individuated responses to each demand, the apparent optimum demand may be quite low: 64% for one set of trials.     

A simple theory of ‘meso’. On the co-evolution of institutions and platform size—With an application to varieties of capitalism and ‘medium-sized’ countries

This paper deals with institutional emergence in the well-known ‘evolution of cooperation’ framework and focuses on its size dimension. It is argued that some ‘meso’ (rather than ‘macro’) level (to be numerically determined) is the proper level of cultural emergence, diffusion, and retention. Also Schumpeterian economists (K. Dopfer et al.) have discussed institutions as ‘meso’ phenomena, and Schelling, Axelrod, Arthur, Lindgren, and many others have dealt with ‘critical masses’ of coordinated agents, including related segregations of populations. However, the process and logic of emergent group size has rarely been explicitly explored so far. In this paper, ‘meso’ will be explained, in an evolutionary and game–theoretic frame and a population perspective, in terms of a cooperating group smaller than the whole population involved. Mechanisms such as memory, monitoring, reputation chains, and active partner selection will loosen the total connectivity of the deterministic ‘single-shot’ benchmark and thus allow for emergent ‘meso’-sized arenas, while expectations to meet a cooperative partner next round remain sufficiently high. Applications of ‘meso-nomia’ include the deep structure of ‘general trust’ and the surprisingly high macro-economic and macro-social performance in ‘small’ and ‘well-networked’ countries which helps to explain persistent ‘varieties of capitalism’. A strategy for empirical application of the theoretical approach and some first empirical indications of its relevance are presented.     

Fitting in: Group effects and the evolution of fundamentalism

We provide an evolutionary model of conflict based on dyadic interactions within and between individuals drawn from a society containing fundamentalists and “others.” Thus, the paper presents an asymmetric game representation of group effects. Fundamentalist control of society is inversely related to the degree of social stratification, and fundamentalists’ intolerance of others. If, however, fundamentalism can be feigned (by displaying certain traits), then fundamentalists must balance their intolerance and insularity to take power. The model provides a novel means for distinguishing democratic versus open societies. This leads to a central result characterizing how fair and open societies can peacefully contravene fundamentalism.     

从语言接触看蒙古语科尔沁土语的演变发展

科尔沁土语是中国境内蒙古语方言、土语当中,使用人口最多,分布地域最广的较特殊的一种土语。在其语音、词汇、语法各领域都表现出与标准语不同的一些特点。从语言接触看,这些特点的形成跟汉族人频繁接触,受到汉语的影响有密切的关系。     

美国对阿拉伯能源战略的演变及其启示

美国对阿拉伯能源战略一直是其对外能源战略的重中之重,从一战到伊战曾经历多次重大调整。中国在经济全球化形势下与阿拉伯国家开展能源合作时可借鉴这一能源战略,做到扬长避短,通过实行多元化的能源战略、建立战略石油储备体系、建立能源对话合作机制以及扩大阿拉伯产油国对中国贸易与投资的份额使中阿能源合作得以顺利进行,并得到进一步发展。     

严复对进化论的选择与创新

试图从理论思想层面和西文中译的角度,具体分析严复为何选择翻译《天演论》一书,详细论证严复如何结合时代特征,吸收、借鉴赫胥黎和斯宾塞的进化论理念完成译著并提出有特色的新进化观,从而以新的世界观影响国人,实现富强和图存救亡的理想。还具体分析了严复进化论的缺陷。     

关于德国的Fachhochschule

应用科技大学(FH-University of applied sciences)是德国的一类以培养应用型高级人才为目标的高等学校。本文通过讨论其准确的译名,介绍它的历史和现状,以及它目前正在实施的种种改革,廓清目前存在于中国的有关FH的不准确理解,并对中国高等院校应借鉴德国FH的经验,培养应用型人才提出了有关建议。     

从口述史角度看边疆多民族村庄的历史演变——以广西融水县安太乡培地村为个案

笔者通过对融水苗族自治县安太乡培地村进行的人类学、民族学田野考察,采用口述史的方法,对培地村苗族同化问题进行了认真深入的研究,认为融水的苗族不是纯粹的自在民族,而是经过长期同化逐步形成的、具有多民族元素并为其它民族共同认同的一个自觉民族。通过对培地苗族村的历史考察,笔者提出了苗族地区民族同化四阶段的观点。