对《语文课程标准》的检讨

《语文课程标准》存在不少值得检讨之处。语文课程性质的核心应调整为交际性,语文课程的核心要求应当是指导学生在真实的前提下独特地理解和灵活地运用祖国语言,语文课程应当重视语文知识教学。除此之外,《语文课程标准》的一些细节也应当加以修正。     

Automatic polynomial wavelet regression

In Oh, Naveau and Lee (2001) a simple method is proposed for reducing the bias at the boundaries for wavelet thresholding regression. The idea is to model the regression function as a sum of wavelet basis functions and a low-order polynomial. The latter is expected to account for the boundary problem. Practical implementation of this method requires the choice of the order of the low-order polynomial, as well as the wavelet thresholding value. This paper proposes two automatic methods for making such choices. Finite sample performances of these two methods are evaluated via numerical experiments.     

L'important,C'est Les Lunettes

Applying mathematics to solve any problem inevitably grants an aura of objectivity and truth to the results generated through such methodology. However, mathematics remains a means of elucidation that functions within strict constraints of tractability and stylization. Despite the aesthetics of models and the precision of computation, mathematical representations are but a shadow of the reality they seek to characterize. Nonetheless, because mathematics' pure form hides its own limitations, it becomes a privileged site of scholastic reason and, at the same time, of symbolic violence, two notions that Bourdieu theorized in his work. Despite this handicap, Bourdieu recognized the importance of formalizing tools such as those derived from mathematics. He thus devised many strategies to take advantage of their power of elucidation while avoiding the distortions and dogmatic stance they unavoidably bring about. This paper examines these strategies in detail to further inspire the identification of a number of reflexive approaches that can deflect the potential symbolic violence of mathematical reasoning. In this analysis, particular attention is given to the specific needs of practitioners engaged in mathematical formulation such as economists, statisticians, operations researchers and other quantitative scientists. This process of reflexive discovery is then used to enrich the notion of ‘specific intellectual’ that Foucault introduced and that Bourdieu further specified and ‘lived’. The paper concludes by foregrounding the perhaps unexpected moral dimensions of applied mathematics, a discipline that otherwise often appear distant and esoteric.     

特有冲击、共同冲击与通货膨胀持续性

中国分类价格指数的通货膨胀持续性有何特征？如何理解分类价格指数和加总价格指数通货膨胀持续性之间的关系？我们对2001年1月至2011年12月的数据进行实证分析,结果表明分类价格指数比较明显的表现出行业间异质的通货膨胀波动性和通货膨胀持续性,而与加总价格指数相比,它的通货膨胀波动性更大而通货膨胀持续性更低。通货膨胀持续性的这些现象可以从特有冲击和共同冲击的角度加以理解。共同冲击的相对重要性存在差异解释了分类价格指数的通货膨胀持续性呈现行业间异质性;特有冲击的重要性在数据加总时被削弱,解释了分类价格指数具有比加总价格指数更低的通货膨胀持续性。     

STAR模型的滞后阶数选择与稳健性研究

本文讨论了六种信息准则在STAR模型滞后阶数选择中的适应性及稳健性问题。Monte Carlo模拟结果显示,在多数情况下,数据生成过程中的误差项分布并不影响信息准则正确识别模型最大滞后阶数的能力;对于短STAR模型,ACC准则具有较高的正确识别率,并且对不同平滑转移系数及不同门限值具有很好的稳健性;而对于长STAR模型,SC准则及ACC准则具有更高的正确率及良好的稳健性。     

Criterion for the Selection of a Working Correlation Structure in the Generalized Estimating Equation Approach for Longitudinal Balanced Data

The generalized estimating equation is a popular method for analyzing correlated response data. It is important to determine a proper working correlation matrix at the time of applying the generalized estimating equation since an improper selection sometimes results in inefficient parameter estimates. We propose a criterion for the selection of an appropriate working correlation structure. The proposed criterion is based on a statistic to test the hypothesis that the covariance matrix equals a given matrix, and also measures the discrepancy between the covariance matrix estimator and the specified working covariance matrix. We evaluated the performance of the proposed criterion through simulation studies assuming that for each subject, the number of observations remains the same. The results revealed that when the proposed criterion was adopted, the proportion of selecting a true correlation structure was generally higher than that when other competing approaches were adopted. The proposed criterion was applied to longitudinal wheeze data, and it was suggested that the resultant correlation structure was the most accurate.     

企业治理权的配置:内外部治理的成本收益假说

内外部治理的成本收益假说说明利益相关者的内部治理权和外部治理权存在着一定的替代性关系,而影响这种替代关系的关键要素是非专有的专用性资产、内部治理成本和外部治理成本。     

专门用途英语学派对语篇体裁的阐释及应用

专门用途英语学派认为语篇体裁是由其专门用途与特定语言特征来定义的，交际目的与文本实现是语篇体裁的核心，同时语篇体裁是一种社会建构。这为酒店简介这种语篇体裁提供了将交际目的、语言形式和社会语境有机结合起来分析的思路。酒店简介是一种语体混杂的促销话语，酒店服务的特点影响着酒店简介的文本实现，通过语料比较分析可以研究酒店简介的语体变异，从而对该语体有更深刻的认识。     

Constraining temptation: How specific and general rules mitigate the effect of personal gain on unethical behavior

Rules are often installed in order to constrain unethical behavior. Rules can be framed either in specific (“Don’t accepts gifts from clients.”) or general terms (“Don’t engage in conflicts of interest.”). The current investigation examines the effect of specific and general rules on unethical behavior and how this effect depends on personal gain resulting from the unethical behavior. The results of three preregistered experiments suggest that both specific and general rules counteract the increase in unethical behavior induced by high personal gain. Although the results were not fully consistent across all studies, specific rules appear more successful in doing this than general rules. In Studies 1 and 3, when personal gain from unethical behavior was (extremely) high, specific rules were more successful in reducing unethical behavior than were general rules. Results of Study 2 suggest that the larger effect of specific rules (compared to general rules) is caused by specific rules preventing people from engaging in moral rationalizations that justify their unethical behavior. A meta-analysis across all studies confirms this overall pattern. This research contributes to theory on rules, ethical codes, and the influence of personal incentives from unethical behavior.     

不完全信息下纯交换帕累托最优的实现研究

现有的理论中，纯交换帕累托最优状况不是唯一的，且认为只要进行交换就必然能实现帕累托最优。其原因是纯交换帕累托最优条件不充分和交换原则存有缺陷。根据交换是一个讨价还价的过程，采用博弈分析方法，在不完全信息条件下，只要遵循理性人交换原则，交换必能实现，但不一定是帕累托最优。如果信息不对称方所判断的效用函数没有改变对方真实效用函数的偏好性质，交换必然能达到唯一的帕累托最优状况，但利益分割不公平，存在交换剥削；如果效用函数的偏好性质改变，帕累托最优不能实现，而是帕累托改进，但其消费状态也是唯一的。