论犯罪客观要件是刑事违法的具体价值标准

刑法分则规定的犯罪客观要件既是源于生活事实的类型,也是赋予法益保护价值的类型,是事实与价值的统一。它是刑事违法的具体价值标准。生活行为符合犯罪客观要件且侵害刑法法益就具有刑事违法性。     

长三角地区国内移民的总效果及对区域城市结构的影响

国内移民有两种形式,第一是长三角地区内部与地区外部的相互移民,第二是长三角地区内部不同城市之间的移民,在此基础上研究城市群空间结构的基本状况和演变。研究表明,长三角地区的城市体系正逐步强化以上海、南京、杭州、苏州和宁波为核心的5个城市组团,并对长三角地区城市结构的未来演化做了初步分析,对区域发展的整体规划和区域移民政策提出一些分析思考。     

论党的先进性的历史性和具体性

先进性是马克思主义政党的突出标志和根本特征,党的先进性是党的生命所系、力量所在。党的先进性是历史的、具体的,必须放到推动先进生产力和先进文化发展中去考察,放到维护和实现最广大人民的根本利益的奋斗中去考察;共产党员的先进性也是历史的、具体的。先进性建设是马克思主义政党自身建设的根本任务。     

Inference Robustness vs. Criterion Robustness: An Example

The two distinct concepts of inference and criterion robustness are illustrated with a simple example based on the one-parameter exponential model. The study of inference and criterion robustness of point and interval estimators of the population mean under a more general exponential power model involves simple but fascinating distribution theory. This example could be usefully exploited in elementary mathematical statistics courses, where the topic of robustness is often neglected.     

Comparison of the Iterative Stein-Rule and the Usual Estimators of the Disturbance Variance Under the Pitman Nearness Criterion in a Linear Regression Model with Proxy Variables

In a linear regression model with proxy variables, the iterative Stein-rule estimator and the usual estimator of the disturbance variance is compared under the Pitman Nearness Criterion. The exact expression of Pitman Nearness probability is derived and numerically evaluated.     

The Interaction Effects of Frequency and Specificity of Feedback on Work Performance

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the interaction effect between specificity (specific vs. global) and frequency of feedback (frequent vs. infrequent) on the quality of work performance. Eighty participants were recruited and randomly assigned to one of the four groups: specific and frequent feedback, global and frequent feedback, specific and infrequent feedback, and global and infrequent feedback. A 2 × 2 factorial design was adopted. Participants were asked to work on a simulated order-fulfilling task and attended 24 sessions. The dependent variable was the error rate of the completed tasks. The results showed that more frequent feedback was more effective and specific feedback was more effective than global feedback in improving the quality of performance. Furthermore, an interactive effect between feedback frequency and specificity was found. Specific feedback was more effective than global feedback when the feedback was infrequent, but global feedback was comparable to specific feedback when it was frequent.     

Statistical hypothesis testing for the shape of impulse response function

The problem of estimation of unknown response function of a time-invariant continuous linear system is considered. Integral sample input–output cross-correlogram is taken as an estimator of the response function. The inputs are supposed to be zero-mean stationary Gaussian process. A criterion on the shape of impulse response function is given. For this purpose, we apply a theory of square–Gaussian random processes and estimate the probability that supremum of square–Gaussian process exceeds the level specified by some function.     

Trust and social capital in the regulation of lending activities

When a bank grants a loan, it takes the risk that the borrower will not honor his debt. To reduce this uncertainty, banks have created instrumental evaluation methods in order to try to evaluate the risk more objectively. An analysis of financial counselors’ practices shows the limits of these methods. To obtain information needed for the financial risk evaluation and to reduce the information asymmetry between bankers and borrowers, financial counselors integrate social networks to establish bonds of trust and to accumulate social capital. The quality of the social bond determines the quality of the gathered information and therefore the quality of the risk evaluation. Bank management is aware of the limits of instrumental methods and the importance of social risk evaluation. To improve their economic efficiency, they modify their work organization and their management practices so as to facilitate the emergence of a bond of trust and the accumulation of social capital by their financial counselors. The analysis of economic actors’ speech and behavior involved in activities of credit shows that behind the claimed altruism nature of the trust relationship exists an economic rationality whose social and temporal horizons of optimization differ from the model of the trade exchange seen in conventional economic theory.     

D-optimal block designs with at most six varieties

For given positive integers v, b, and k (all of them ≥2) a block design is a k × b array of the variety labels 1,…,v with blocks as columns. For the usual one-way heterogeneity model in standard form the problem is studied of finding a D-optimal block design for estimating the variety contrasts, when no balanced block design (BBD) exists. The paper presents solutions to this problem for v≤6. The results on D-optimality are derived from a graph-theoretic context. Block designs can be considered as multigraphs, and a block design is D-optimal iff its multigraph has greatest complexity (=number of spanning trees).     

渠道伙伴关系中专用性投资的特点和作用:以日本汽车产业为例

在日本汽车产业系列化的连续交易制度中,专用性投资被用于特定企业或价值链伙伴成员而成为企业营销战略的重要部分。渠道关系中大量的专用性投资的存在,对维系和发展制造商与供应商长期稳定的合作关系具有重要作用,但以往的文献对此却研究不足。本文以日本汽车产业为例,具体分析了渠道伙伴间专用性投资的特点,着力研究了在长期渠道关系中专用性投资的作用以及存在的竞争效率与机会主义问题及策略方法,最后讨论了日本经验对我国经济发展及各种企业组织发展所具有的启示和借鉴意义。