Hijacking Planes to Cuba: An Up-Dated Version of the Birthday Problem

Modern desk calculators compute distribution functions for many of the standard tabled distributions. Two such machines and some of their capabilities are discussed. Generally more is available from the calculators than is found in voluminous tables. One of the biggest advantages of the machines over tables arises from their capacity to compute probabilities for the two parameter F distribution, a set of values that is cumbersome to tabulate.     

广东饶平疍家粤语的变异及其交际功能的丧失

本文介绍了一个生存于粤东闽语区内的饶平家粤语方言岛的兴衰历程。在５０年的光阴里，一方面，由于强势方言潮汕话的影响与渗透，使疍家粤语的音韵系统发生了重大的变化；另一方面，又由于家渔民从心理上对母语产生厌恶和排斥而加速了粤语交际功能的丧失。     

香港语用现状分析

语用的研究应该是社会、语言、人三位一体的研究，人既是语用的操纵者，也是语用的服从者。人在语用中的“二重性”阐释使语言本质的说明更显具象性。本文在对香港语用现状的分析中，由行为表层而至意识深层来揭示人类交际活动底层所蕴含的人文心理，进一步实证语言的独特性乃在于其社会性和人文性的统一。双语制（或多语制）态势下的语言异化进程具有其多面性及复杂性，而香港语用现象的现实，则是研究语言本质的实例之一。     

关于征地补偿标准合理性的探讨

征地补偿标准不合理是引发我国失地农民问题的重要原因之一。合理的征地补偿标准应该实践人本主义和公平理念。我国现行征地补偿标准的不合理性主要表现为忽视了对农民作为人的补偿，没有充分考虑农用土地对于农民的多重效用。合理的征地补偿标准应该包括对被征地农民生存需求、安全需求、生活环境需求与发展需求的补偿。实施合理征地补偿标准需要的条件保障为确立公平补偿原则，建立促进利益补偿的相关保障机制以及设立征地补偿基金并落实持续补偿资金来源。     

从主体性哲学的角度看传播活动中的传受关系

从主体性哲学的角度考察传播活动中传、受双方的关系，则“传者本位”和“受众本位”的理论体现的都是主客体二元对立的传播关系，而理想的传播关系应是传者和受众的互为主体和良性互动。然而，现实中的传播关系根源于主客体在现实中的社会关系，因此，现实的传播关系不可避免地以主客对立的传播关系为主导，主体间性只能在主客对立的过程中实现，即在主一客一主的框架中追求完美主体间性的传播关系。     

《古兰经》注释学研究

自公元622年以来,历代穆斯林学者秉承经训的创制(Al-'ijtihad)原则与精神,构建了阿拉伯-伊斯兰文化及其学术体系.《古兰经》注释学('ilm al-tafsir)则是该体系中仅次于圣训学而成的最早学科.《古兰经》涵盖的多学科性质,决定了注释学既是独立学科,也是交叉学科.注释学的立论、界定、要求、方法均为注释《古兰经》确立了明确的注释理论和严格的学术规范,使历代注释家据注释学原理解读了《古兰经》基本要义,并彰显其集教义与文化为一体的经典价值和社会作用,从而使亘古不变的《古兰经》始因注释的变化而使阿拉伯-伊斯兰文化生生不息,绵延不绝.     

现代俄罗斯标准语的变化和发展

语言是社会发展的必然产物，俄罗斯标准语也是如此。随着历史的变迁，俄罗斯标准语也发生了很大的变化，归结为三大趋势：大众化、简单化和统一化。了解语言的变化，掌握该语言变化中出现的新规范和新现象，有助于我们更好地掌握语言，使其为人类服务。     

浅析科技新闻翻译的特点及翻译方法——以《参考消息》科学技术版的翻译为例

以《参考消息》科学技术版的新闻为例，简要总结归纳科技新闻翻译的特点，并针对一些译例进行分析，提出科技新闻的翻译标准，进而探讨科技新闻的翻译方法。     

An empirical investigation of different operating characteristics of several estimators of the intraclass correlation in the analysis of binary data

This paper is concerned with properties (bias, standard deviation, mean square error and efficiency) of twenty six estimators of the intraclass correlation in the analysis of binary data. Our main interest is to study these properties when data are generated from different distributions. For data generation we considered three over-dispersed binomial distributions, namely, the beta-binomial distribution, the probit normal binomial distribution and a mixture of two binomial distributions. The findings regarding bias, standard deviation and mean squared error of all these estimators, are that (a) in general, the distributions of biases of most of the estimators are negatively skewed. The biases are smallest when data are generated from the beta-binomial distribution and largest when data are generated from the mixture distribution; (b) the standard deviations are smallest when data are generated from the beta-binomial distribution; and (c) the mean squared errors are smallest when data are generated from the beta-binomial distribution and largest when data are generated from the mixture distribution. Of the 26, nine estimators including the maximum likelihood estimator, an estimator based on the optimal quadratic estimating equations of Crowder (1987), and an analysis of variance type estimator is found to have least amount of bias, standard deviation and mean squared error. Also, the distributions of the bias, standard deviation and mean squared error for each of these estimators are, in general, more symmetric than those of the other estimators. Our findings regarding efficiency are that the estimator based on the optimal quadratic estimating equations has consistently high efficiency and least variability in the efficiency results. In the important range in which the intraclass correlation is small (≤0 5), on the average, this estimator shows best efficiency performance. The analysis of variance type estimator seems to do well for larger values of the intraclass correlation. In general, the estimator based on the optimal quadratic estimating equations seems to show best efficiency performance for data from the beta-binomial distribution and the probit normal binomial distribution, and the analysis of variance type estimator seems to do well for data from the mixture distribution.     

论社会工作在农村最低生活保障漏洞治理中的作用

社工介入到农村最低生活保障活动,可避免熟人社会中某些习俗的影响,避免救助对象不当受益问题,通过收集信息来完善低保标准,避免超标受益、重复受益等漏洞问题;专业社工通过增能来帮助困难群体来表达福利诉求等。