Monte Carlo studies of bootstrap variability in ROC analysis with data dependency

ROC analysis involving two large datasets is an important method for analyzing statistics of interest for decision making of a classifier in many disciplines. And data dependency due to multiple use of the same subjects exists ubiquitously in order to generate more samples because of limited resources. Hence, a two-layer data structure is constructed and the nonparametric two-sample two-layer bootstrap is employed to estimate standard errors of statistics of interest derived from two sets of data, such as a weighted sum of two probabilities. In this article, to reduce the bootstrap variance and ensure the accuracy of computation, Monte Carlo studies of bootstrap variability were carried out to determine the appropriate number of bootstrap replications in ROC analysis with data dependency. It is suggested that with a tolerance 0.02 of the coefficient of variation, 2,000 bootstrap replications be appropriate under such circumstances.     

上海完善国际航行船舶保税油市场的对策研究

随着我国对国际航行船舶保税油市场允许跨区域开展连锁经营以及保税油销售量的迅速增加,船舶保税油市场服务已成为港口配套服务中最重要和最核心的功能,反映了港口对外开放程度和服务水平。但上海在船舶保税油市场方面不仅与鹿特丹、新加坡和香港地区等国际航运中心存在一定的差距,还面临着深圳、青岛、天津、宁波以及舟山等其他大陆港口的激烈竞争。通过深入分析上海船舶保税油市场的发展现状和存在问题,借鉴国际典型港口发展船舶保税油市场的成功经验,分别从供应商、行业中介、监管部门角度提出完善上海船舶保税油市场建设的对策,提升上海国际航运中心对全球航运资源的配置能力。     

Legal Mobilisation and Justice: Insights from the Constitutional Court Case on International Standard Schools in Indonesia

Analysis of the role of courts in shaping access to justice in Indonesia has emphasised the role of judges and the incentives created for them by courts' institutional design. Alternatively, it has focused on individual justice-seekers and their capacities to choose between alternative pathways through the legal repertoire. In this paper, we suggest that ‘support structures for legal mobilisation’ (SSLMs) have also played an important role in shaping access to justice by influencing both the potential for legal mobilisation and the type of justice sought. In making this argument, we focus on a recent Constitutional Court case on ‘international standard schools’. In this case, a group of parents were able to mobilise for legal action only because NGOs provided the required technical expertise and financial resources while the central involvement of an anti-corruption NGO in the SSLM shifted the focus from parents' concerns about discrimination to corruption.     

An alternative method correcting BDR type of heteroskedasticity by the weighting re-estimated absolute residuals

The aim of this paper is to introduce a new method which corrects residual variances for the butterfly distributed residuals (BDR). Distribution theory, confidence intervals, and tests of hypotheses are valid and meaningful only if the standard regression assumptions are satisfied. Heteroskedasticity is one of the violations of these assumptions and BDR is another type of heteroskedasticity. This study reveals an alternative approach to correct the BDR type of heteroskedasticity by the weighting re-estimated absolute residuals (WRAR). After giving brief information about heteroskedasticity and BDR type of heteroskedasticity, WRAR is introduced. WRAR and the usual variance stabilizing techniques are compared on multiple and simple regression models.     

论社会工作在农村最低生活保障漏洞治理中的作用

社工介入到农村最低生活保障活动,可避免熟人社会中某些习俗的影响,避免救助对象不当受益问题,通过收集信息来完善低保标准,避免超标受益、重复受益等漏洞问题;专业社工通过增能来帮助困难群体来表达福利诉求等。     

谈谈粤语方言字在使用中的问题

近年来,粤语方言字的使用越来越广泛.根据调查,粤语方言字在使用过程中,主要存在着三个问题:同一换个字写法不统一;繁体字和简体字并用;粤语方言字的信息化处理尚未完善.要解决这些问题,就必须对粤语方言字进行规范.     

近代粤商对百色经济文化的影响

百色地处桂西右江上游,是滇黔桂三省区交界处,属于典型的老、少、边、山、穷地区,但其城市语言却为粤语,主要原因为近代大量粤商沿着右江进入百色城经商所带来的影响。     

迁入人口的职业构成对迁入地经济社会发展的影响

改革开放后的20年是我国社会经济发展突飞猛进的时期,人口迁移无论从规模或强度的强势状态激发了我国学者的研究兴趣。虽然我国目前也有相当数量的研究人口迁移对迁入地影响的文献,但定性分析占主导地位,而定量分析较少,即便有,其方法也较单一。本文将运用定量分析为主的方法,基于2000年的人口普查资料和中国统计年鉴数据,来关注不同职业的迁移人口对迁入地经济社会发展水平的不同影响力,以力争填补这一研究领域的空白,也算是为立足于这一视角的研究的深入提供方法和途径上的初探。     

Estimation of a standard measuring error by repeated measurements and sortings

A sorting-and-measuring machine (SMM) measures and sorts (classifies) on-line produced items into several groups according to their size. The measuring devices of the SMM perceive the actual item size with a random error ε and classify the item as being smaller than b iff z+ε<b. Here ε is a normal zero-mean r.v. with unknown standard deviation σ which is the main parameter characterizing the precision and technical condition of an SMM. The paper gives the following method of estimating σ. N₀ items are measured and N₁ of them are recognized by the SMM as belonging to the group a<z≤b. These N₁ items are sorted again and N₂ of them return to this group, these are sorted again, and so on. The estimation of σ is based on the statistics N_m/N_n. Moments of the ratio statistics N_m/N_n and their distributional properties are investigated. It turns out that the expected value of N_m/N_n depends almost linearly on σ which allows us to construct ‘almost’ unbiased estimators of type $\text{σ}\text{?}{}_{\mathrm{mn}}\text{=A}\textcolor{red}{}\text{N}{}_{\mathrm{m}}\text{/N}{}_{\mathrm{n}}\text{+B}$ with good propert including robustness with respect to the distribution of item size. Convex combinations of $\text{σ}\text{?}{}_{\mathrm{mn}}$ statistics are considered to obtain an estimator with minimal variance.     

论会计准则的伦理基础

伦理与会计准则之间存在着必然的联系。伦理是最基本的会计原理,是会计准则存在的依据和评价的标准。会计准则应当以公正为伦理基础,准则的公正性表现为分配正义。然而,由于属于结果公正范畴的分配正义往往难以客观的评价和衡量,准则的公正性只能通过程序公正来实现。在此基础上,我们试图从准则制定的价值观、提供虚假会计信息的责任认定和赔偿(矫正正义)、准则制定程序等三个方面对我国会计准则公正性进行初步评价。