试谈大学生的心理障碍及其对策

本文认为，大学生在社会化过程中产生的诸种不良情绪和心理障碍严重影响了他们的正常学习和生活．因此，帮助大学生解开情绪上的“疙瘩”，割除心理上的“肿瘤”，应该成为高校思想教育系统工作的一项刻不容缓的重要任务．本文从这一思想出发，探讨和论述了大学生当中最常见的五种心理障碍和具体表现，即：应激心理障碍、情感心理障碍、意志心理障碍、焦虑心理障碍、挫折心理障碍．并在宏观方面和微观方面提出了多角度的防治对策，以通过有效途径和方法对大学生的心理障碍进行矫正与调适，提高大学生的身心健康水平．     

A Bayesian approach to statistical inference in stochastic DEA

Stochastic DEA can deal effectively with noise in the non-parametric measurement of efficiency but unfortunately formal statistical inference on efficiency measures in not possible. In this paper, we provide a Bayesian approach to the problem organized around simulation techniques that allow for finite-sample inferences on efficiency scores. The new methods are applied to efficiency analysis of the Greek banking system for the period 1993–1999. The results show that the majority of the Greek banks operate close to best market practices.     

返璞归真：从研究方法到研究问题的本位回归

研究方法是科学研究的重要组成部分,也是科学研究发展的动力之一.我国传统的建立在主体体验基础上的知识生产方式忽视对研究方法进行系统的整理与反思,以逻辑自洽为主的知识检验标准强化了对研究方法的忽视.建立在西方话语体系下的现代社会科学研究缺乏对西方研究方法的审视和批判,对研究方法过于推崇,在方法移植时缺乏细致深入的考察.鉴于此,研究方法的创新必须建立在以问题为本位的研究取向之上,从实践出发、理论联系实践以推动和检验研究方法的创新.     

A Distribution-Free Control Chart Based on Order Statistics

In this article, we introduce a new distribution-free Shewhart-type control chart that takes into account the location of a single order statistic of the test sample (such as the median) as well as the number of observations in that test sample that lie between the control limits. Exact formulae for the alarm rate, the run length distribution, and the average run length (ARL) are all derived. A key advantage of the chart is that, due to its nonparametric nature, the false alarm rate and in-control run length distribution are the same for all continuous process distributions, and so will be naturally robust. Tables are provided for the implementation of the chart for some typical ARL values and false alarm rates. The empirical study carried out reveals that the new chart is preferable from a robustness point of view in comparison to a classical Shewhart-type chart and also the nonparametric chart of Chakraborti et al. (2004 Chakraborti , S. , van der Laan , P. , van de Wiel , M. A. ( 2004 ). A class of distribution-free control charts . J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. C-Appl. Statist. 53 ( 3 ): 443 – 462 .[Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]).     

Inference from the Exponentiated Weibull Model with Applications to Real Data

In this paper, a novel Bayesian framework is used to derive the posterior density function, predictive density for a single future response, a bivariate future response, and several future responses from the exponentiated Weibull model (EWM). We study three related types of models, the exponentiated exponential, exponentiated Weibull, and beta generalized exponential, which are all utilized to determine the goodness of fit of two real data sets. The statistical analysis indicates that the EWM best fits both data sets. We determine the predictive means, standard deviations, highest predictive density intervals, and the shape characteristics for a single future response. We also consider a new parameterization method to determine the posterior kernel densities for the parameters. The summary results of the parameters are calculated by using the Markov chain Monte Carlo method.     

Adjusted Estimates of the Size Distribution of Family Money Income

This article describes the effects on estimates of the size distribution of family-unit money income produced by adjusting CPS estimates for 1972 by adding several other data sources. Income estimates were adjusted on an individual-observation basis to make them consistent with independent control totals. As a result of these adjustments, mean income for all units rose 12 percent. The relative share of the top 5 percent increased substantially. Property income increased and wage income decreased in relative importance. The adjustment to mean income was largest for the oldest age group and smallest for the youngest age group.     

A Survey of the Teaching of Statistics in M.B.A. Programs

A survey of business schools was conducted to obtain information about the current state of the teaching of business statistics to students enrolled in M.B.A. degree programs. The survey was undertaken for and presented at a June 1986 conference on “Making Statistics More Effective in Schools of Business,” held at the University of Chicago's Graduate School of Business. Information was elicited concerning both the required statistics sequence and elective statistics courses for M.B.A. students, as well as computer usage in these courses. This article summarizes the information obtained from the survey.     

Goals for Statistical Uses of Administrative Records: The Next 10 Years

United States statistical agencies use data from administrative record systems to develop program statistics, to establish statistical data bases, and to enhance and evaluate census and survey data. Such uses of administrative records are likely to increase as efforts to control costs and respondent burden of statistical programs continue. This review article proposes six goals for enhanced statistical uses of administrative records in the next 10 years and describes elements of an activist strategy to achieve them. The discussants, representing three agencies that make important statistical uses of administrative records, give their reactions to the proposed goals and strategy.     

俄罗斯、波兰固定资产投资统计制度和固定资本形成总额核算方法研究

本文从理论和实践的角度出发,深入研究了俄罗斯和波兰固定资产投资的统计原则、统计方法、统计范围和统计信息发布等内容,认真梳理了两国固定资本形成总额核算的标准、原则和方法。借鉴两国经验,对我国开展固定资产投资统计制度方法改革的原则和方法提出了意见和建议。