从参与角色看中国社会工作实习教育的现状

社会工作实习教育需要多方互动,其中涉及到实习学生、实习教学者、实习机构、实习督导、服务对象、社会资源等参与角色。这些角色的扮演情况直接关系着社会工作实习教育的状况。     

张掖市农地规模经营发展现状与存在问题分析

以张掖市为例,在深入调研和广泛收集、整理相关调研数据的基础上,归纳和总结了张掖市农地规模经营发展的现状,主要表现为:规模经营面积和地区不断增加,规模经营主体多元化,规模经营形式多样化,规模经营以制种为主等;分析了张掖市农地规模经营存在的问题,主要包括:农户对国家倡导的土地政策和土地流转认识不足,对土地的依赖程度高;农地所有权界定不清;土地流转行为不规范,农地规模化经营缺乏持久稳定性等;并结合张掖实际情况提出了相关对策。     

Reward interventions: A strategy to Erode social inequality?

Decades of research illuminates how status beliefs about socially significant characteristics, like gender, fundamentally alter expectations about individual's competence and worth. This process biases opportunity structures and resource distributions, thereby recreating social inequalities in a self-fulfilling fashion. Many social and organizational policies attempt to reduce inequality by increasing disadvantaged groups' access to valued rewards, such as prestigious alma maters, awards, and valued positions. In addition to meaningfully increasing resources, the status these rewards convey should also theoretically increase the status of the particular people who come to possess them. To know whether inversions to reward structures reduce social inequality, however, we must first demonstrate that the status value of rewards alone is an effective intervention. In an experimental test of interventions to gender status inequality, reward markers with relatively higher or lower status value were consistently or inconsistently associated with the gender of the participants' task partners. Results indicate that rewards intervened in the groups' gendered status hierarchy as participants were more likely to be influenced by their partners' rewards than their gender.     

Power imbalance and value creation in joint ventures

Joint ventures (JVs) often do not create expected value due to power imbalance between partners. Despite the fact that JV partners are embedded in relational constraints, prior research has largely relied on economic reasoning by focusing on equity ownership difference between JV partners as the main source of power imbalance. We extend prior research to also consider important relational factors represented by repeated ties between partners and network openness, as well as institutional status difference and network status difference as two additional dimensions of power imbalance. Our findings indicate that ownership power imbalance by itself does not have a significant effect on value creation. However, value creation is facilitated when there is ownership power imbalance between partners with more repeated ties. In contrast, value creation may be hindered when JV partners with unequal ownership are embedded in more open interfirm alliance networks. Furthermore, value creation is facilitated if JV partners that have unequal ownership also have network status power imbalance in the same direction.     

Changes in financial status influencing level of satisfaction in households

This study explores the impact of changes in family financial status over a four year period on level of satisfaction with various aspects of household finances. Data were collected through personal interviews with 123 families in 1982 and 1986. Information was obtained on household income, assets, liabilities, and on the satisfaction of the money managers with seven aspects of household finances. Two-tail pairedt-tests were used to compare differences in financial and satisfaction variables between the two time periods. Regression analyses were applied to ascertain factors affecting the satisfaction of the money managers. The financial status of households improved during the 4 year period as reflected by net worth. The mean net worth, with and without real estate, increased significantly during this time period. In spite of this improvement, money managers are less satisfied with various aspects of their household finances.This research was supported by the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station Project No. 2773 (Journal Paper No. J-13098).Tahira K. Hira is a Professor and Alyce M. Fanslow is a Distinguished Professor in the College of Family and Consumer Sciences; Patricia Titus is an Instructor in the College of Education; all are at Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1120. Dr. Hira's research interests include consumer bankruptcies and various aspects of household economic well-being Dr. Fanslow's and Dr. Titus' research interests include competencies of household money managers.     

Changing the default setting for information privacy protection: What and whose personal information can be better protected?

With Internet service providers (ISPs) increasingly demanding personal information to develop personalized services, people have become more vulnerable to privacy infringement. As a way to protect individuals’ privacy, industrialized countries have implemented a “notice-and-consent” requirement, meaning an ISP must obtain users’ consent to collect personal information in the course of the ISP's business. Drawing on prospect theory and earlier work on information privacy and behavioral science, in this study, we administered an online survey experiment to test whether the giving of consent differs between ‘opt-in’ and ‘opt-out’ frames. The framing effect was found to be moderated by personal information type, people's attitudes toward privacy, and people's privacy infringement experience. The results indicate that the opt-in frame better protects users’ information privacy, and the framing effect is magnified when the targeted information concerns online activities, when users have weakly held privacy attitudes, and when users have less experience of privacy infringement.     

浅论大学文化与大学精神

大学文化与大学精神是当下学术界的热门话题，本文从分析文化、组织文化与大学文化的性质和特征入手，通过对大学文化与大学精神研究已有成果的梳理，从文化个性是现代大学的本质特征，大学精神是大学文化的灵魂，大学理念是大学内部管理与运转的哲学基础，符合逻辑地论证了大学呈现的是一种“有组织的无政府状态”。     

山西省新型农村合作医疗制度探析

医疗保险制度作为社会保障体系的重要组成部分,肩负着保障群众健康,稳定社会和国民收入再分配的作用,历来受到世界各国政府的重视。结合山西的实际,分析山西农村医疗保险制度的概况、目前存在的问题并基于SPSS的数据探析相应的解决办法,对实现山西跨越式发展有着深远的意义。     

民事执行:从部门分权到身份分权

部门分权是民事执行裁决权与实施权分别由不同的部门行使，而身份分权则是指在部门分权的基础上，民事执行裁决权与实施权分别由不同身份的人来行使，并且这两种身份的划分应当界限分明，有不可逾越性和相当的确定性。