茶马古道与百越古道

文章论述了茶马古道的由来和研究现状,论述了茶马古道和百越古道的区别,对百越古道的研究进行了回顾和前瞻。     

海岛妇女民间信仰活动的调查与思考

近年来,随着宗教自由政策的落实和文化多元化的发展,我国各地民间信仰的存在环境不断宽松,民间信仰活动也日趋活跃。浙江舟山地区民间信仰活动的发展也十分迅速,妇女已成为民间信仰活动的主体,其信仰活动的影响力已渗透到妇女生活的各个方面,在女性作出决策、进行人际交往和提高自身话语权等方面,都发挥着作用。海岛妇女民间信仰在现阶段的存在和活跃,虽然有一定的必然性和合理性,但作为较低级的一种文化现象,其负面效应也是相当明显的。关注海岛妇女的信仰活动状况,既有助于客观地认识妇女所面临的处境,也有利于相关部门做好对民间信仰的引导管理工作,实现民间信仰与社会主义主流价值观的协谐。     

自治市法律地位刍议

民族自治地方城市化是我国城市化的重要组成部分。我国自治地方城市化水平相对滞后,原因之一是宪法和自治法没有赋予自治市以自治地方的法律地位。宪法和自治法赋予自治市以自治州、自治县同样的法律地位,是自治地方城市化的必由之路和必然选择。     

Norms,status and the dynamics of advice networks: A case study

The issue of the influence of norms on behavior is as old as sociology itself. This paper explores the effect of normative homophily (i.e. “sharing the same normative choices”) on the evolution of the advice network among lay judges in a courthouse. 0020 and 0025 social exchange theory suggests that members select advisors based on the status of the advisor. Additional research shows that members of an organization use similarities with others in ascribed, achieved or inherited characteristics, as well as other kinds of ties, to mitigate the potentially negative effects of this strong status rule. We elaborate and test these theories using data on advisor choice in the Commercial Court of Paris. We use a jurisprudential case about unfair competition (material and “moral” damages), a case that we submitted to all the judges of this court, to test the effect of normative homophily on the selection of advisors, controlling for status effects. Normative homophily is measured by the extent to which two judges are equally “punitive” in awarding damages to plaintiffs. Statistical analyses combine longitudinal advice network data collected among the judges with their normative dispositions. Contrary to what could be expected from conventional sociological theories, we find no pure effect of normative homophily on the choice of advisors. In this case, therefore, sharing the same norms and values does not have, by itself, a mitigating effect and does not contribute to the evolution of the network. We argue that status effects, conformity and alignments on positions of opinion leaders in controversies still provide the best insights into the relationship between norms, structure and behavior.     

Where do intra-organizational advice relations come from? The role of informal status and social capital in social exchange

Social status and social capital frameworks are used to derive competing hypotheses about the emergence and structure of advice relations in organizations. Although both approaches build on a social exchange framework, they differ in their behavioral micro-foundations. From a status perspective, advice giving is a means to generate prestige, whereas asking advice decreases one's relative standing. At a structural level these motivations are expected to result in an overrepresentation of non-reciprocal dyads and non-cyclical triadic structures in the advice network, as well as in active advice seekers being unlikely to be approached for advice, especially by active advice givers. From a social capital perspective, advice seeking creates obligations for the advice seeker. At the structural level, this results in an overrepresentation of reciprocal dyads and cyclical triads, and active advice seekers to be unpopular as targets of advice seeking, especially for active advice givers. Analyses of four waves of a longitudinal sociometric study of 57 employees of a Dutch Housing Corporation provide partial support for both approaches. In line with the social capital perspective, we find reciprocal advice relations to be overrepresented at the dyad level. Results at the triad level support the social status arguments, according to which high status individuals will avoid asking advice from low status individuals. The implications for macro-structural properties of intra-organizational advice network are discussed.     

Unjust punishment in organizations

What causes leaders to punish subordinates unjustly? And why might leaders keep punishing subordinates unjustly, even when this increases workplace misconduct? In the current paper we address these questions by suggesting that power and status cause leaders to punish unjustly. We review evidence on the effects of power and status on punishment, review how unjust punishments foster misconduct, and highlight how this creates a self-perpetuating feedback loop—leaders are more likely to punish in an unjust manner when subordinates engage in misconduct, but subordinates’ misconduct is partly caused by unjust punishments. We also discuss how leader-subordinate distrust may be at the heart of this phenomenon and how organizations may counteract unjust punishments. We draw attention to research areas that have received little attention and draw up an agenda for future research. Taken together, we integrate the literatures on power, status, punishment and trust, review evidence on when unjust punishments become perpetuating, challenge research suggesting that leaders are cautious when punishing, and guide future research on the topic of punishment in organizations.     

大学生村官与在校生法律知识现状的对比分析——以淮海工学院为例

我国是一个农业大国,建设社会主义法治国家的重点和难点皆在农村,大学生村官法律知识水平的高低,对于推进社会主义新农村的法制建设具有一定的影响。通过问卷调查,对淮海工学院毕业的大学生村官与在校生的法律知识现状进行对比分析,研究结果表明：大学生村官和在校生的法律基础知识明显偏低,分析认为这与大学生学习法律知识的积极性不高、学校涉法课程开设不足、相关部门的培训力度不够等因素有关。重视大学生村官及后备力量的法律知识教育和培训工作,有利于农村法制建设的顺利进行。     

企业财务状况与投资者关系管理--来自 IR 百强上市公司的经验证据

依据“2007年度中国最佳投资者关系管理百强”榜的评选结果,研究了企业财务状况对上市公司投资者关系管理的影响.结果表明,投资者关系管理与企业盈利能力负相关,与股东获利能力、发展能力以及企业现金流量能力正相关.研究还发现,公司规模和流通股比例有利于提升投资者关系管理水平.     

“三公经费”公开：意义、现状及完善——以中央部门“三公经费”公开为例

“三公经费”公开具有重要的现实意义。在中央政府整体部署和公众广泛呼吁下,“三公经费”公开进程开始启动,并取得了初步成绩,但“三公经费”公开仍然存在许多亟待解决的问题,不能满足公众强烈的监督需求。完善“三公经费”公开,必须修订相关法律法规,加快研究制订“三公经费”公开的实施细则,明确“三公经费”公开的监督主体,完善监督流程,建立健全“三公经费”公开考核和责任追究制度。     

近三十年新疆高校少数民族汉语教学研究述评

文章对1979年以来发表在新疆主要刊物和区外核心刊物中的423篇高校少数民族汉语教学研究论文进行了统计分析。在30年的发展中其成绩主要表现在研究基础不断扩大、研究论题走向广泛与细化、研究方法有一定的改进。而存在的主要缺憾是研究内容不深入、研究方法单一,定量和定性研究重视不够等问题。目前新疆高校少数民族汉语教育虽然有较大发展,但在教学上过度依赖对外汉语教学,在研究层次上仍处于相对较低的水平。