Recursive Behavior of Safety Stock Reduction: The Effect of Lead‐Time Uncertainty

Motivated by a recent paper on the effect of lead‐time variability reduction on safety stocks, we provide evidence of the recursive nature of safety stock changes. When lead times follow a gamma distribution we demonstrate that, for cycle service levels between .60 and .70, the reduction of lead‐time variability will first increase safety stock and then either recursively decrease safety stock or make it remain constant. We also numerically show the existence of the recursive effect. A two‐by‐two matrix is introduced to assist managers in making decisions regarding safety stock policy.     

浅论宋代农村市场与城市市场

城市市场在中国传统市场尤其是宋代以前市场中起着至关重要的作用。城市市场的辐射功能不强、布局不尽合理和封建统治阶级对城市市场的严格管理等因素 ,使城市市场的发展受到很大限制。农村市场经过长期发展 ,到了宋代 ,空前繁荣和发展 ,在宋代经济发展中起了十分重要的作用。宋代城市市场与农村市场共同成就了中国商品经济史上第二个高峰     

Relation between market orientation and market environment et al., in Korean firms entering to North American markets

This study was conducted to test the antecedent factors of market orientation and the relationship between market orientation and business performance of overseas subsidiaries. The author also investigates whether competitive strategy might affect the strength or weakness of the market orientation—performance relationship. The results of research show that the magnitude of the firm and market turbulence have significance as antecedent factors of market orientation, and competitive strategy can also moderate the relationship between market orientation and performance. Lastly, the results show that the relationship between market orientation and performance has a positive significance.     

论城市的“内公外私”产权性质——兼论中外城市性质之比较

城市历来是作为独立系统同企业分开研究的,然而理论分析表明城市和企业具有共同的本质,都属于长期稳定多边契约组合的社会生产组织.城市和许多企业一样也属于"内公外私"产权,即对内公有或部分公有,对外具有私有性质,这就可以解释为什么城市之间有市场竞争,为什么可以经营城市和需要提高城市竞争力.中国初期市场经济同成熟市场经济的城市性质存在重要区别,即前者属于地方或城市政府主导型市场经济,而后者属于城市市民主导型市场经济.     

电子商务运作模式及其战略的比较

近年来,电子商务被商家视为一种获取竞争优势和拓展市场能力的重要手段.本文以电子商务运作的理论研究和实证应用为基础,将电子商务运作和企业网络化连接的模式归纳为主要两种类型层级式网络连接模式和电子化市场网络连接模式,并分别从战略动机、网络化组织形态、网络控制点、交易类型、商品或服务的复杂性、交易双方的关系、信息的搜索和监控成本、客户忠诚度、价值观念、价值链形态、客户转移成本、电子网络的作用等方面对上述两种类型的电子商务策略及其运作模式进行了比较,就此提出两种不同模式下网络化组织运作的战略框架.     

Short-run adjustments in the family's investment portfolio

American families have been changing the way they allocate their investment resources. These changes have raised questions concerning the types of investment decisions families make. The objective of this research was to gain a better understanding of the types of investment trade-offs households made between financial, physical, and human capital assets. This was done by estimating a short-run stock-adjustment model of family investments using panel data from the early 1970's. From examining the empirical results, it appeared that during this historical period, choices about a husband's human capital investment were generally related to a household's physical and financial asset acquisition. In contrast, choices regarding the wife's human capital investment appeared not to be related to any of the more traditional household investment options. The implications of this study for increasing understanding of current household investment patterns are discussed in the concluding section of the paper.     

基金管理人行为对股票市场的作用机制研究

基金管理人作为股票市场上的主要投资者,其投资心理和行为将会对股票市场产生深刻的影响.本文建立数学模型研究基金管理人过去的成败经历对其现在的投资心理和行为的影响以及这种投资心理和行为对股票市场交易量、价格波动性和基金管理人自身投资业绩的影响机制.研究结果表明,基金管理人过去经常失败的经历将使其变得过度悲观,过去经常成功的经历将使其变得过度自信;股票市场的均衡预期股票交易量和均衡价格波动性总是与基金管理人过去的成功经历正相关;过去过分成功或过分失败的基金管理人都不会在未来取得最好的实际预期业绩.     

我国证券市场逆向选择与道德风险的探讨

逆向选择与道德风险是市场经济本身产生的两大“体制缺陷”,是导致市场失灵的重要原因,本文运用信息经济学的委托代理理论中的逆向选择与道德风险的理论,通过深沪股市大量的数据与实例分析了我国证券市场存在的逆向选择与道德风险的种种表现及问题,并提出相应的治理对策。     

农村青年婚姻市场层级化的社会学分析

当前农村青年婚姻市场上,以"家庭地理位置"和"家庭经济条件"为分层标准,农村男青年被划分为不同的层级。不同层级的男青年在婚姻市场上有着不同的处境:较高层级的男青年拥有较大的择偶主动权,中层的男青年也基本能够进入婚姻,较低层级的男青年择偶困难,成为大龄未婚男青年的风险较大。因此,形成不同层级的原因是性别比失衡使得农民经济上的分化在婚姻市场上凸显出来,市场经济冲击下的农民择偶观念理性化,打工潮加剧了农村婚龄人口性别比的失衡。     

Withdrawal from the public employment service by young unemployed: a matter of non-take-up or of non-compliance? How non-profit social work initiatives may inspire public services

In their effort to increase labour market participation, several EU welfare states are currently confronted with the problem of an ‘off-register NEET generation’, that is, a significant group of unemployed youngsters who do not register with the public employment service (PES) or withdraw early. Their behaviour is puzzling as they risk a penalty in the form of a reduction or a loss of benefits. Combining insights from non-compliance theory and non-take-up theory, this article argues that this withdrawal cannot be fully explained by the calculations of risks, costs and benefits that these youngsters make, nor by problematic attitudes. At least as important are the factors at the organisational level which prevent the youngsters from taking up their rights. An alternative activation approach based on private non-profit social work practice, namely integrated guidance, is proposed in order to improve participation in PES services. The findings are based on a study of nine pilots involving hard-to-reach young unemployed people in Belgium. A triangulation of quantitative and qualitative methods was used to collect and analyse the data.