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61.
张群梅 《华北水利水电学院学报(社会科学版)》2007,23(1):45-48
公共选择理论的“经济人”研究范式主要包括经济人假设、交易政治学和方法论的个人主义三部分。通过对这种范式的私益内涵分析和利弊分析,指出其在革新传统政治学研究方法的同时也具有自身不可克服的局限。借鉴“经济人”研究范式对我国政治学乃至经济学研究都具有重要的方法论意义。 相似文献
62.
Cultural capital or relative risk aversion? Two mechanisms for educational inequality compared1 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In this paper we empirically examined two explanatory mechanisms for educational inequality: cultural reproduction and relative risk aversion, using survey data taken from secondary school pupils in Amsterdam. Cultural reproduction theory seeks to explain class variations in schooling by cultural differences between social classes. Relative risk aversion theory argues that educational inequalities can be understood by between-class variation in the necessity of pursuing education at branching points in order to avoid downward mobility. We showed that class variations in early demonstrated ability are for a substantial part cultural: cultural capital - measured by parental involvement in highbrow culture - affected school performance at the primary and secondary level. However, relative risk aversion - operationalized by being concerned with downward mobility - strongly affects schooling ambitions, whereas cultural capital had no effect. Thus, we conclude that 'primary effects' of social origin on schooling outcomes are manifested through cultural capital and not through relative risk aversion (in addition to other potential sources of class variations such as genetics). Relative risk aversion, and not cultural capital, affects schooling ambitions, which is relevant for our understanding of secondary effects. 相似文献
63.
伊战后,美国的海湾战略屡屡受挫,在中东面临危机多元化和扩散化的严重挑战。在伊拉克陷阱和伊朗核问题的双重困扰下,小布什政府及其后任可能的战略选择包括坚持原有“主导和预防行动”、采取“崩溃预防型”、恢复“稳定、威慑和遏制”、考虑“合作型秩序”等。但除非美国放弃独家主导海湾的霸权战略并调整其战略目标,否则难以在“支配”海湾地区和摆脱困境之间找到两全出路。 相似文献
64.
龚恒超 《佛山科学技术学院学报(社会科学版)》2007,25(6):37-40
中国广大农村的法治建设应当是建设社会主义新农村宏图中必不可少的组成部分。但是,当前农村法治的现状不容乐观。主要是因为:一方面,农村仍受传统文化因素的影响,农村法治建设的法律文化基础仍很薄弱;另一方面,农村法治所需要的社会环境仍未完全建立。基于此,农村的法治建设,既需要"外力",更需要"内力",应坚持外部催生和内部演进并举。 相似文献
65.
Reuven Karni 《决策科学》1985,16(3):284-298
Conventional production planning methods assume the existence of a medium- or longrange demand horizon. However, demand usually is known over a much shorter range; scheduling decisions must be made within this “decision window,” which rolls forward in time. This paper presents a new lower bound for lot-sizing heuristics in a rolling-horizon framework and compares it to the well-known Wagner-Whitin bound. The new bound indicates heuristic schedules that have costs close to the optimum. Rolling-horizon schedule costs are compared to corresponding static-horizon schedule costs (assuming the whole horizon is known in advance), using the ratio of decision-window size to the natural order cycle as a parameter. For values below unity, the rolling-horizon policy is significantly more costly. For values above one, the two policies have similar costs and actually converge as the parameter value increases. 相似文献
66.
从执行主体角度探寻政策执行失真的原因 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
朱菁菁 《广西青年干部学院学报》2007,17(2):64-65
政策在执行过程中存在着"有令不行、有禁不止","上有政策,下有对策"等严重妨碍政策目标有效实现的不良情形.公共选择理论认为,把作为微观经济分析出发点的个人作为集体行为的出发点,将个人的选择或决策当作公共选择或集体决策的基础.从个体的角度看,政策执行主体的素质缺陷、信息垄断和利益追求导致了政策执行失真. 相似文献
67.
增强高校大学生理想信念教育的实效性是学校思想政治教育的一项重要工作.通过对西南科技大学学生的调查发现,当前我国高校大学生的理想信念主流是好的,但部分学生也不同程度存在政治信仰迷茫、价值取向扭曲、社会责任感缺乏、团结协作观念较差等问题,这与高校理想信念教育的效果不理想关系极大. 相似文献
68.
Aneel Karnani 《决策科学》1983,14(2):187-193
Previous stochastic cost-volume-profit (CVP) models have assumed that the firm was operating under either perfect competition or monopolistic conditions. This paper presents a stochastic CVP model applicable to oligopolistic competition. Each firm is assumed to maximize a linear function of the expected value and the standard deviation of its random profits. The result is a game-theoretic model that is solved using the concept of a Nash equilibrium. The results of the model are used to examine a firm's competitive strength. The model can be easily modified to accommodate a measure of risk based on the capital asset pricing theory. 相似文献
69.
Environmental scanning activities of over 400 top management subunits in 108 European manufacturing firms provided the data base for this research. Four traits (constructs) of scanning using three methods (interest, frequency, and time) were examined. A confirmatory factor analysis approach to multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) data was employed. Verification of the reliability as well as convergent and discriminant validity of the scanning scales are reported and discussed. The viability of confirmatory factor analysis in providing a precise analysis of partitioning variance according to trait, method, and error is demonstrated. 相似文献
70.
Charles R. Schwenk 《决策科学》1984,15(4):449-462
Critics of previous laboratory experiments comparing devil's advocacy (DA) to dialectical inquiry (DI) have suggested that these experiments produced misleading results because (1) they used subjects who had low levels of task involvement and (2) the DI treatment used was confusing to subjects and required further explanation to be useful. The present study examines the effects of four inquiry methods—expert (E), DA, DI, and DI with explanatory statement (DI+)—on subjects' performance at a financial prediction task. Results show that DA, DI, and DI + were superior to E when the state of the world differed significantly from assumptions underlying the expert's plan. For subjects with high task involvement, DI and DI + were more effective than E and DA. The results support some of the criticisms of previous laboratory research and suggest that future research on these decision aids should include task involvement as a factor. 相似文献