社会认知主义视角对二语习得研究的启示

社会认知主义是二语习得领域里继结构行为主义和心灵认知主义之后的新兴理论取向,主张融合认知和社会两种视角研究二语习得的重要问题,更加全面地理解二语习得的复杂本质。本文旨在探索社会认知主义理论取向的发展背景和主要影响理论,并从学习观、教学观、教师发展观、科研观几个方面分析社会认知主义理论取向对我国的二语习得及相关研究的启示。     

要素禀赋、农户分化与农业价值链技术选择偏向

基于551份猕猴桃种植户调研数据,通过聚类分析方法将猕猴桃种植户分成发展型、规模种植型、劳动力富裕型三类,实证检验种植户类型对有机肥施用、新品种采纳、猕猴桃网络销售三个价值链技术活动选择的异质偏向性,分析农机补贴、产业组织检测、技术培训三个组织支持变量的调节效应。结果发现：发展型对于三个价值链技术活动及其联合采纳的选择偏向性高于其他类型,劳动力富裕型种植户对价值链技术活动的选择偏向性低于其他两个类型种植户。三个组织支持变量对同一类型种植户参与不同价值链技术活动以及不同类型种植户参与同一价值链技术活动的影响具有异质性。因此,针对不同类型价值链技术活动参与特征以及组织支持调节作用提出相应的政策建议。     

国民经济核算与供给侧宏观经济观察

伴随宏观经济管理框架从需求侧向供给侧转变,宏观经济统计观测的基本思路也需要做出相应调整。本文的基本目标是为实现国民经济核算服务于供给侧宏观经济观察提供框架性认识。所完成的具体工作包括:①从支出法GDP核算出发,阐释当前宏观经济管理从需求侧向供给侧转变的必要性;②以生产法GDP核算为基础,阐述如何搭建从供给侧系统描述宏观经济状况的平台;③如何以收入法GDP核算为起点,全面展示供给创造需求的路径和影响因素;④结合中国实际,对当前国民经济核算应用于供给侧宏观经济观察的可能性与进一步改进提出建议。     

上海服务业“结构奖赏”与“结构惩罚”效应分析

2012年,上海第三产业增加值占GDP比重首超60％,达到服务经济的国际标准。借助shift—share方法对2003-2012年上海第三产业劳动生产率变动进行分解得出：“结构奖赏”和“结构负担”假说并存,且前者效应已高于后者,表明结构转换有助于提升劳动生产率,但力度有限;各行业内部劳动生产率的提升才是上海第三产业劳动生产率提升的主体。上海调整第三产业结构的前提是各行业能按自身发展规律协调发展,即须在发展中实现结构转换,而非片面追求结构调整。     

Symbiosis of Microcredit and Private Moneylending in Cambodia

Microcredit's potential for poverty reduction is a highly contested issue. In Cambodia, the dramatically increasing commercial microcredit coexists with widespread private moneylending. These two practices are rooted in different economic world views: neoliberalism on the one hand, and the traditional Khmer economic sociality permeated by patronage on the other. The ethnography shows that far from competing with each other, microcredit and private lending have adapted to form a symbiotic relationship, and much private lending is financed through microcredit. While microcredit is often beneficial to people living well above the poverty line, the widespread access to credit, through microloans as well as private lending, is threatening the livelihoods of the economically most vulnerable and precipitating their social, economic and spatial exclusion from their local communities. In contrast to the social and economic exclusion caused by land grabbing and forced evictions, which has received a fair amount of public attention, exclusion as a consequence of indebtedness has, for sociocultural reasons, remained much less visible.     

The impact of timely information on organisational performance in a supply chain

Information produced by ERP systems is termed JIT-information, since it is provided at the right time in the right place with a minimum of waste. The JIT-information construct is defined and described and a measurement scale is developed. A JIT-information performance model is proposed and assessed using a structural equation modelling methodology. The results indicate that the model fits the data well: (1) supply chain management strategy positively impacts JIT-information, (2) JIT-information directly impacts both logistics and organisational performance, and (3) logistics performance directly impacts organisational performance.     

On the Measurements of Board Composition: Poor Consistency and a Serious Mismatch of Theory and Operationalization

Over two dozen operationalizations of board composition can be identified from the empirical literature. A structural equations confirmatory factor analysis (LISREL 8.03) suggests that these operationalizations do not constitute a single construct of board independence. Instead, analyses strongly indicate three separate constructs. Common operationalizations of board composition, then, are neither tenable surrogates for one another nor are they interchangeable. Implications for empirical aggregation of studies, theory/measurement convergence, and the current corporate governance public policy debate are discussed.     

1990年以来的日本经济增长分析

日本进入20世纪90年代之后,经济长期不振陷入爬行增长状态。通过国民收入支出法的量化分析,说明内需严重不足,特别是民间投资部门的增长率和贡献度都呈负值。尽管公共部门和国际贸易部门在经济增长中起到了一定的积极作用,但由于泡沫经济崩溃的影响和多年来积累的结构性矛盾的解决需要时间,所以直到21世纪初日本经济仍未能摆脱长期萧条的状态。     

间歇用汽负荷的蒸汽优化调度方法

当蒸汽系统中存在着间歇用汽设备时，其用汽负荷将随用汽设备的启停而产生波动．蒸汽负荷的急剧波动不仅影响锅炉的经济运行，而且直接影响蒸汽品质和产品质量．本文提出用数学规划的方法对间歇用汽设备的开启时间进行合理调度，从而使整个系统的用汽负荷趋于均衡．此方法在实际应用中取得了良好的效果．     

交互效应矩阵理论及应用

交互效应矩阵理论,是一种定性与定量相结合的控制理论,用以解决和处理一些运用经典数学的方法难以解决的模糊信息问题.本文将交互效应矩阵理论引入教学控制范畴,研究和分析学校的教学问题.实践证明这是一种行之有效、效果显著的教育控制理论,具有重要的推广价值.