高职院校体育教学ISO质量管理主体意识的现状与提升研究

本文指出高职体育教学ISO质量管理主体意识的提升是实现高职体育教学的科学、标准化和规范化的基础。     

论学校在学生伤害事故中的责任

近年来,学生伤害事故及其引发的法律纠纷越来越多,日益成为困扰学校工作的严重问题。文章在对学校与学生之间法律关系进行论述的基础上,结合相关法律规定,提出学校责任是一种过错责任及学校过错的判断标准,并分析了不同情况下学校承担责任的方式。     

论思想政治教育生态观

学术界从生态视角考察思想政治教育,构建了思想政治教育生态观理论形式.通过对思想政治教育生态观形成过程的分析,将思想政治教育生态观理论架构概括为教育观、工具观和价值观三个维度,要求在实践中坚持政治主导、整体性和人本的指导原则,推动思想政治教育生态观理论形式发展.     

提高劳动报酬在初次分配中比重的几点思考

十七大报告提出要提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重,这对当前我国市场经济下收入分配体制改革具有重要指导意义。提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重,有利于贯彻按劳分配原则,有助于实现初次分配的公平性,有助于缩小收入差距,有助于增加劳动者的收入。要提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重,需要劳动者和政府顺应市场经济的要求共同努力。     

试论礼貌原则在商务英语函电中的应用

在各国之间商务交往日渐频繁的今天,商务英语函电作为广泛使用的联系方式和信息载体,越来越受到重视。在依靠商务英语函电传达信息时,其中的语言艺术非常重要,因为得体、礼貌的商务英语函电不仅能够促成贸易。还能改善和加强双方的关系,促进交流与合作。本文从商务英语函电的态度、语法、实践操作3个层面分析了礼貌原则在商务英语函电中的应用及对教学的启示。     

占道模型:侵占公共利益的原因分析

对于目前各种公共利益和资源的侵占行为分析其原因是十分必要的。从常见的占道模型中,我们会找到侵占公共利益的行为存在的主观原因和客观原因。这些原因主要有:公共利益事实上的产权模糊或不明晰,各级政府及其工作人员对其控制的公共利益管理不善甚至监督不力、责任不清、责任被淡化,我国民众整体的法律意识水平不高甚至个别人法治观念淡薄,社会转型时期的公共利益供应不足等。     

Long and happy living: Trends and patterns of happy life expectancy in the U.S., 1970–2000

This study assesses the trends and differentials in length of quality life in the U.S. population as measured by happy life expectancy in 1970, 1980, 1990, and 2000. The analysis combines age-specific prevalence rates of subjective well-being from a large nationally representative survey and life table estimates of mortality in decennial Census years. Employing the period prevalence-rate life table method—Sullivan method, the analysis finds evidence for improvement in quality of life in the U.S. Happy life expectancy largely increased in both absolute terms (number of years) and relative terms (proportion of life) over time at all adult ages examined. And increases in total life expectancy were mainly contributed by increases in expectancy in happy years rather than unhappy years. Happy life expectancy is longer than active life expectancy. And there has been greater compression of unhappiness than compression of morbidity. There are substantial differentials in happy life expectancy by sex and race because of differential prevalence rates of happiness. Women and whites had longer years of total and happy life expectancies at most ages and dates, while men and blacks had greater proportions of happy life expectancies across the three decades. Although race differentials generally decreased at older ages and with time, relative disadvantages of blacks persisted.     

马克思主义哲学大众化的当代思考

当代中国正在发生广泛而深刻的变革,改革开放三十年来新的社会现实,赋予了当代中国马克思主义哲学大众化新的时代内涵和实践要求。马克思主义哲学大众化是马克思主义哲学基本原理由抽象到具体、由深奥到通俗、由被少数人理解和掌握到被广大群众理解及掌握的过程。在新的历史条件下,如何推动和实现马克思主义哲学大众化,已经成为当代马克思主义哲学发展中的重大课题。马克思主义哲学大众化是由马克思主义哲学的本质、特点和功能所决定的,马克思主义哲学是实践的哲学、生活的哲学,这就要求让它贴近实际、贴近群众、贴近生活,以通俗易懂的形式,使中国化的马克思主义哲学真正为大众所理解、接受和掌握。事实上,当代中国马克思主义哲学已经取得了许多新的重要成果,迫切需要将其"大众化"。改革开放三十年来,中国化的马克思主义哲学既坚持了经典马克思主义哲学的基本理论,又在实践经验和理论成果上丰富了马克思主义哲学,中国特色社会主义理论具有坚实的哲学基础,蕴涵着丰富的哲学思想,包容了多方面的新成果,这些凝聚了中国共产党人的集体智慧,体现了中华民族优良文化传统哲学思想,是当代中国马克思主义哲学大众化的重要内容。目前,在继续推进中国改革开放和社会主义现代化建设事业中,当代中国马克思主义哲学大众化已经成为一个令人关注的学术前沿问题,具有重要的理论意义和现实意义,这也是时代赋予当代中国哲学理论工作者的光荣历史使命。为了更好地推进这项工作的发展,我们同《河北学刊》一起组织了这一专题讨论,目的是通过这组文章与同行交流,以便更好地发挥马克思主义哲学认识世界与改造世界的功能和作用。     

The Best and Worst Times of Life: Narratives and Assessments of Subjective Well-Being by Anamnestic Comparative Self Assessment (ACSA) in the Eastern Cape,South Africa

The Anamnestic Comparative Self Assessment (ACSA) measure of subjective well-being (SWB) aims to reduce the problems of cultural bias and relativity to external standards by allowing people to define the endpoints or ‘anchors’ of the measurement scale. In medical terminology anamnestic denotes ‘based on memory’. The ACSA uses subjects’ memories of the best and worst periods in their lives to define the anchors of the scale. They then assess their current quality of life relative to these personal anchors. The South African pilot study tested the match between self-assessment of SWB with ACSA and the conventional single-item measures of life satisfaction and happiness used in the South African Quality of Life Trends Study and analysed the narratives of the best and worst times of life. The quota sample of 46 consisted of 26 residents of Makana district in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, and 20 patients undergoing treatment in the local TB hospital. Mean SWB ratings with all three measures of life satisfaction, happiness and ACSA were between 5 and 6 on a 0–10-point scale. Ratings on all three scales were positively correlated. However, on ACSA the TB patients rated their current SWB 1.84 points lower than the community respondents, suggesting a greater sensitivity of this measure. It was observed that the starting points of the life stories produced by respondents to define the anchor periods for ACSA were related to their current assessment of SWB. A typology was developed that combined the starting point of the life stories with current SWB. The majority of community respondents matched the ‘Achiever’ type who scored positively on ACSA (i.e., above the mid-point of the scale) and whose life stories started with the worst period of their lives and proceeded to the best period. The TB patients were the only respondents to represent the ‘Survivor’ type whose morale had recovered after misfortune in life. ‘Survivors’ started their narratives with the best period in their lives, then moved to the worst (often health-related) one, and gave positive ACSA ratings. Based on the qualitative analysis of narratives, it is concluded that ACSA is a sensitive measurement instrument and therefore particularly useful for monitoring the effects of treatments and social interventions in longitudinal studies. However, further research is required to verify its cross-cultural validity.

Informal Food Production in the Enlarged European Union

How widespread is the production of food in old and new member states of the European Union and what is the social meaning or logic of such activities? We show that growing food is (a) more widespread in former communist countries than in traditional market economies and (b) is predominantly a hobby or recreational activity in affluent countries, but a coping strategy in reaction to experienced difficulties in making ends meet in poorer nations, and especially so in the former communist countries.