欧盟竞争法中环境协议的分析与借鉴

环境协议是欧盟竞争法的重要组成部分,是顺应欧盟一体化和可持续发展要求的产物。欧盟竞争法全面规定了环境协议法律构成的各项问题,众多环境协议案例也进一步论证了环境协议区别于竞争法中一般协议的法律特性。环境协议的兴起与绿色豁免的例外正是经济发展与环境保护相协调的必然产物。我国竞争法协调市场经济正常运行时也对此予以规定,并解决了一些有关绿色豁免的不正当竞争案例。但我国环境相关市场正在形成,尚未建立起较为系统的处理体系,对欧盟竞争法中环境协议法律制度的研究可以为我国环境协议制度的建立提供借鉴。     

基于折衷原则的PID控制方案的寻优

在满意解原则基础上, 通过控制系统各性能指标之间的矛盾关系求取其相似关系,从而确定了一种折衷原则,并以实例验证了基于这种折衷原则控制方案的寻优方法的正确性和合理性,讨论了该折衷原则的特点及适用范围。     

Can Business Owners Form Accurate Counterfactuals? Eliciting Treatment and Control Beliefs About Their Outcomes in the Alternative Treatment Status

A survey of participants in a large-scale business plan competition experiment, in which winners received an average of U.S. $50,000 each, is used to elicit ex-post beliefs about what the outcomes would have been in the alternative treatment status. Participants are asked the percent chance they would be operating a firm, and the number of employees and monthly sales they would have, had their treatment status been reversed. The study finds the control group to have reasonably accurate expectations of the large treatment effect they would experience on the likelihood of operating a firm, although this may reflect the treatment effect being close to an upper bound. The control group dramatically overestimates how much winning would help them grow the size of their firm. The treatment group overestimates how much winning helps their chance of their business surviving and also overestimates how much winning helps them grow their firms. In addition, these counterfactual expectations appear unable to generate accurate relative rankings of which groups of participants benefit most from treatment.     

Measuring Multidimensional Aspiration Gaps: A Means to Understanding Cultural Aspects of Poverty

This article links primary research into the way subjective well‐being among poor people can be defined and measured to the growing literature on poverty as a failure of capacity to aspire. Data from Bangladesh, Thailand and Peru are used to illustrate a measurement strategy based on defining well‐being as a function of the gap between individuals’ diverse and multiple aspirations, and their satisfaction with achieving them. Such analysis has the potential to illuminate variation in individual and local capacity to respond to different development opportunities. It also warns against the limitations of treating aspirations as a single rather than a multidimensional concept.     

Large deviation for negatively dependent random variables under sublinear expectation

Abstract

In this article, first we give the definition of negatively dependent sequence of random variables under sublinear expectation then we establish large deviation principle for this kind of sequence. Moreover, we obtain the upper bound of moderate deviation principle.     

朱熹《西铭》研究的三个特点

朱熹作为理学的集大成者,他的《西铭》研究在《西铭》诠释史上具有非常重要的地位,同时也贯注了强烈的卫道意识,挺立了"事亲-事天"的逻辑架构,凸显了"理一分殊"的诠释视阈,对后世的《西铭》诠释产生了广泛而深远的影响。     

曾祥芹及其独立文章学的研究

曾祥芹是一个文章学家。他倡议要创建独立的文章学，并为此不懈地从“读写双快原理”和“阅读学”两方面进行研究。但文章学还没有获得独立，其原因是：1．文章学的自身建设存在问题；2．一些人，包括文章学研究者和语文教师，都缺乏文章学的观念。此外，它也没有得到有关权力部门的支持。因此，文章学研究虽然取得了成绩，但还有遗憾。     

数学隐蔽条件类型探析

数学隐蔽条件是解决数学问题的重要组成部分。数学问题一般所关联的内容较多 ,范围和跨度都较大 ,因此它的隐蔽条件也较多。正确地发掘、识别和使用数学隐蔽条件 ,是培养解决数学问题能力的基础     

抚顺战犯改造中思想政治教育的层次原则探析

抚顺战犯管理所于20世纪50-70年代这一特殊时期成功改造了日本战犯、伪满洲国战犯和国民党反动集团战犯，创造了历史奇迹，堪称思想政治教育工作典范。针对不同类型的战犯进行思想教育改造，层次原则是必不可少的。本文从基本内涵、客观必要性、实践经验三个方面探析了抚顺战犯改造中思想政治教育的层次原则。     

城市公园家具人性化设计的价值取向和基本原则

城市公园家具人性化设计体现的是一种以人为本、一切围绕人们的生活和工作来创造美好的户外环境的设计理念.城市公园家具人性化设计的价值取向是生态关怀、和谐美好和情感诉求,当前城市公园家具设计欠缺科学性和识别性、忽视多样性和参与性、轻视环境意识和安全性.因此,城市公园家具人性化设计应该坚持功能性、私密性、趣味性、可持续性、人文性和景观性原则.