如何完善居民用电价格机制

家庭部门在能源消费中的地位日益上升,应对气候变化、实现能源消费公平,都需要对居民生活用电定价机制进行改革。目前试点的各项政策,没有实现运用价格杠杆抑制能源浪费的目标,能源公平问题仍未解决。《关于居民生活用电实行阶梯电价的指导意见(征求意见稿)》被质疑为涨价方案,关键原因在于加重了中低收入阶层能源支出的负担,而高收入阶层奢华浪费的成本几乎不变,能源消费的不平等进一步恶化。居民生活用电价格形成机制改革不仅需要阶梯电价等市场机制实现效率,更需要公共政策促进能源公平。政府可以适当调整阶梯电价的价差,真正发挥价格机制对能源浪费的制约作用;同时通过家庭能效补贴、节能技术与产品推广、能源使用知识传播等政策,促进能源消费公平。     

相声言语幽默理解的心理机制——基于关联理论的视角

关联理论对人类的交际行为具有普遍的指导性,其关于话语理解的论述同样适用于相声言语幽默的理解。在关联理论的框架下,运用关联理论的认知语境、语境效果、最大关联与最佳关联等主要概念对相声言语幽默的理解和认知过程进行分析得出：相声幽默言语是一种特殊的最佳关联性话语,对其的深入理解离不开特定的认知语境和语境效果的层层递进,同时也是一个最大关联向最佳关联转化的过程。     

论直觉洞察

关于直觉,人们提出了很多特征,但从根本上说直觉的本质特征是思维的直接的能动创造性,而这本质特征具体表现为三个基本的创造性功能特征,即直觉领会、直觉洞察和直觉抽象。本文要论述直觉洞察,它是指思维对事物相似和差异的直接把握,是一种重要的创造性思维。为此,将论证“比较”是直觉而不是逻辑,由此引出直觉洞察的概念,并通过足够多的心理事实和科学事实说明直觉洞察的普遍性和创造性,同时阐明直觉洞察的心理机制和脑生理基础。     

我国大学生助学贷款还款机制优化的研究

国家助学贷款是由银行、教育行政部门与学生共同操作的专门帮助贫困家庭学生的银行贷款。1999年我国大学生助学贷款政策实施以来,助推许多家庭经济困难的学生完成了学业。但由于种种原因,部分大学生毕业以后拖欠贷款甚至逃债,导致了银行惜贷、拒贷等现象。要保证大学生助学贷款还款机制的有效运行,有赖于政府、银行、高校、学生、家长和用人单位等多方面的协同配合,进一步完善和健全大学生助学贷款还款机制,方能为国家培养优秀人才提供良好的经济保障。     

A cosmopolitan approach to the explanation of social change: social mechanisms,processes, modernity

In recent years social science has been characterized by a cosmopolitan turn. Of the many questions that arise from this the most important are those that concern the implications for explaining social change. While cosmopolitanism is centrally about social change, much cosmopolitan theory due to its normative orientation lacks a capacity for explanation. The problem of explanation is also a problem that besets all ‘big question’ approaches in social science. In this paper a broad definition of cosmopolitanism is given and elucidated by an outline of its epistemological, ontological and methodological frameworks. Emphasizing the latter two, a relational conception of cosmopolitanism is developed as an alternative to dispositional/agency based and systemic accounts. First I argue that there are four main kinds of cosmopolitan relationships, which together constitute the social ontology of cosmopolitanism. These are the relativization of identity, the positive recognition of the other, the mutual evaluation of cultures, and the creation of a normative world culture. A methodological framework is advanced that distinguishes between the preconditions of cosmopolitanism, its social mechanisms and processes (of which three are specified: generative, transformational and institutionalizing) and trajectories of historical change. The argument is made that cosmopolitan phenomena can be accounted for in terms of this ontological and methodological framework. The advantage of this approach is that it offers cosmopolitan analysis a macro level account of social change that is broadly explanatory and which can also account for both the diachronic and synchronic levels of the emergence of cosmopolitanism as both a counter‐factual normative cultural model and as a part of social and political practices and institutional arrangements.     

International transmission of monetary and global commodity price shocks to Turkey

This paper explores the international transmission mechanisms on the macroeconomic and monetary variables of Turkey and hence proposes some particular policy implications. The effects of monetary shocks stemming from the U.S. and the European area, and global commodity price shocks are investigated using a structural vector auto-regression (SVAR) approach. For the analysis, we use monthly data from 2002M01 to 2016M06 and we analyze the transmission mechanism in Turkey using two different SVAR model specifications. Our results reveal that shocks coming from the U.S. and the Euro area lead to significantly different responses on industrial production, consumer prices, real effective exchange rates, and the domestic interest rate, with the Euro area monetary expansion having more explicit and positive effects on the real economy. The global commodity price shocks affect the Turkish macroeconomic variables in a similar but much less powerful fashion than that of the U.S. monetary expansion. As our empirical findings point out that the Turkish economy is vulnerable to global monetary and commodity price shocks. This vulnerability necessitates moving to a sustainable growth path consistent with a sustainable current account balance and a sustainable private and government debt coupled with a strengthened macroprudential regime and comprehensive structural reforms.     

科学家参与中小学理科课程标准制定的作用机理

中小学科学教育是科技界和教育界共同的责任。知识与价值是理解科学家参与中小理科课程标准制定作用的两个核心要素;科学家参与中小学理科课程标准制定的作用在知识要素方面存在一定的局限性;科学家参与中小学理科课程标准制定,倾向于代表学术精英教育的价值观。     

主观变量解释主观变量:方法论辨析

社会学经验研究经常会需要处理诸如态度、感受、偏好这样的主观变量，无论从理论上还是方法上，对特定主观变量的理解往往会涉及另外一个主观变量。尽管如此，在具体的研究实践中，社会学者往往对“主观解释主观”的分析进路持有相当程度的保留态度，从而尽可能地采用客观变量来解释主观变量，或者探究主观变量对于客观变量的影响。“主观解释主观”的分析进路究竟有什么方法论上的“缺陷”?更为重要的是，采用什么手段可以尽可能避免这些“缺陷”以拓宽研究者的经验解释能力?这些问题到目前为止都还缺乏系统研究。在此背景下，本文考察了“主观解释主观”的分析进路所存在的混淆偏误问题，并从理论论辩、变量测量和数据分析三个方面讨论了一系列的应对策略。针对每一个应对策略，本文展示了经验实例，并对该策略的优缺点和适用情况进行了剖析和对比。此外，本文也具体分析了诸如因果关系方向、判断混淆偏误的敏感性检验、测量误差等未尽议题。本文希望通过这些讨论能增强社会学解释路径的多样性，促进社会学与其他学科（例如心理学、政治学等）的交流与互鉴。     

论高校危机管理中的预警机制

简要概述了高校危机管理的内涵,并尝试将危机预警管理引入高校管理工作,论述了构建高校危机管理预警机制的必要性,提出了建立高校危机预警系统的观点以及高校学生管理工作中危机应对策略和高校危机管理预警机制的实现途径。