Ten years of Boko Haram: how transportation drives Africa’s deadliest insurgency

ABSTRACT

This article challenges the ways in which much scholarship on terrorism and insurgencies have been ‘a-mobile.’ It addresses this problem by drawing on the ‘new mobilities paradigm’ to explore analytically how the decade-long Boko Haram insurgency in north-eastern Nigeria have developed around the system of automobility and have simultaneously been transformed by it. The analysis extends to the impact of the violent insurgency and state regulation on populations whose livelihoods are rooted in mobility. Foregrounding automobility as a lethal weapon, an instrument of power, the article recasts the evolution and mutation of Boko Haram in light of how the group weaponizes transportation/mobility, and how it interacts with differently and differentially mobile others. This article should be seen as a first attempt to insert the subject of (auto)mobility into the rapidly growing literature on Boko Haram, contributing to our meagre understanding of how movement and stasis influences the group’s tactics and choice of targets. It brings together qualitative data collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, media reports, and hours of observations at roadblocks and control posts operated by a local security assemblage of police officers, paramilitaries, and soldiers.     

民族院校成人高等教育持续发展的几点思考

当前,随着我国高等教育大众化进程的发展,民族院校成人高等教育的发展面临着新的机遇与严峻的挑战。认真探讨民族院校成人高等教育面临的问题与解决的策略,对民族院校成人高等教育的健康持续发展有着极其重要的意义。     

《自然辩证法》教学与生态自然观的教育

对于理工农医等专业的硕士研究生来说，通过《自然辩证法》课程的教学，要求他们了解马克思和恩格斯的生态自然观，认识并关注当前所面临的生态形势，帮助他们树立正确的生态自然观。     

关于知识经济与可持续发展的哲学思考

要实现人与自然的协调发展,就必须实现可持续发展战略.知识经济正是促进人与自然协调、可持续发展的根本途径.发展知识经济既是可持续发展战略的客观要求,也是经济发展战略的一种必然选择.     

可持续发展与环境保护：高等教育当前的形势和今后的选择

1992年世界环境与发展大会以来,世界各国已广泛接受可持续发展思想并将其导入各国(地区)的发展战略.国际社会对传统高等教育在教育思想、方法、手段、内容(特别是教育思想)等方面的局限性以及高等教育对推进可持续发展进程的重要作用已经取得普遍的共识,高等教育应当主动适应社会、经济、道德、伦理等的变革,为实现可持续发展担负起应有的责任.本文回顾和总结了可持续发展和环境保护教育的背景、国内外开展可持续发展和环境保护教育的情况,对在高等教育中进行可持续发展和环境保护教育的目的、适应可持续发展和环境保护的高等教育改革的基本方向等问题进行了初步的讨论.     

可持续性循环经济与区域生态农业构建

由可持续性循环经济解决的现实问题入手,通过对循环经济的研究现状分析,得出发展区域生态农业循环经济要坚持3R原则,并要坚持因地制宜、整体性协调、生物共存互利等原则,在农产品生产层次中推行清洁生产,在农业的生态产业链中各产业部门之间,要形成在质上相互依存、相互制约的关系,在量上按一定比例组成的有机体。     

正确理解和把握科学发展观

一个国家坚持什么样的发展观,对这个国家的发展会产生重大影响。在新的历史发展时期,我们坚持的科学发展就是对过去不够科学的发展观的变革。科学发展不再是“抓革命,促生产”的连续不断的政治运动,而是长期的改革开放;不再是脱离实际的“大跃进”,而是符合人类社会发展规律的可持续发展;不再是“以钢为纲”的生产资料优先增长,而是全面协调发展。     

传统游牧与乌伦古河可持续发展——以恰库尔图河段阔斯阿热勒村为例

传统游牧生计方式随季节变化,以四季游牧方式有效利用牧草资源。传统游牧文化习俗规范着人们的日常行为活动,协调着人口、资源、环境与发展的关系,维持人与自然的可持续发展。随着乌伦古河流域农业的开发及牧民定居点的建立,河谷内人口、耕地及牲畜数量激增,流域生态环境发生巨大变迁。     

论新时期共产党员的党性和谐

党的建设是一个系统工程,党性建设是这一系统工程的软件驱动系统,党性的和谐关系到国家的长治久安,也关系到社会的和谐发展。结合我国当前社会现实,强化党在新的历史条件下的人民性、先进性、责任性和使命感等方面的建设研究,以增强党的号召力、凝聚力、领导力,提高党的执政能力和水平,实现我党强国富民的理想愿望。     

Governance,credit access and clean cooking technologies in Sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for energy transition

There is a global effort toward reducing or eliminating dirty fuels and technologies for cooking due to their severe health, environmental and economic implications. Reducing dirty energy usage requires an effective transition toward clean fuels and technologies for cooking. Effective governance and financial systems are needed to hasten the transition toward clean fuels and technologies for cooking. However, not much is known empirically about the role of access to credit and governance in the transition towards clean cooking technologies, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study, therefore, utilizes the two-step-dynamic system generalized method of moment estimator to investigate the effect of access to credit and governance on the adoption of clean cooking technologies in SSA. The findings indicate that access to credit and governance variables do not facilitate clean cooking technologies usage. The conditional analysis also reveals that the governance variables moderate the effect of access to credit to impede the adoption of clean fuels and technologies for cooking. The findings indicate that economic growth, education, and rural population drive the adoption of clean cooking technologies. Sensitivity checks show that the effect of access to credit and governance on clean fuels and cooking technologies usage differs among income and regional groups within SSA. We, therefore, argue that better financial and governance systems are required to hasten the transition toward clean fuels and technologies for cooking in SSA.