结构二元性：公共政策与个体理性行动之分析

公共政策作为一种宏观的社会结构制约性,它对微观的个体理性行动者进行着引导、规范和约束。个体作为理性的行动者,他们也不断对现行公共政策进行反思,并通过与政府部门的沟通或者集体性抗争的实践行动不断改进和建构新的公共政策。因此,公共政策与个体理性行动者即是在宏观一微观这样一种结构二元性中互构的。论文在分析了公共政策与个体理性行动的内在要素之后,对它们的互构过程进行了剖析。     

论刑事附带民事诉讼中的精神损害赔偿

我国现行法律对刑事附带民事诉讼中公民的精神利益保护不力,因此尽快确立刑事附带民事诉讼中的精神损害赔偿是非常必要的。完善刑事附带民事诉讼中精神损害赔偿制度,应将民法和刑法两极保护紧密相连,并要明确扩大精神损害赔偿的范围,扩大提起精神损害赔偿主诉的主体范围以及加害人的能力、赔偿数额等一系列相关问题。     

从盐业契约看民事诉讼模式的转变

在现代民事诉讼制度中,一直存在职权主义诉讼与当事人主义诉讼两种模式之争,而我国的民事诉讼制度可以说基本上属于职权主义模式。在四川井盐生产历史过程中,保留了丰富的盐业契约档案,这些契约规范着各类的盐业生产经营活动,调解着复杂的盐业诉讼纠纷盐业契约以其突出的自由性、合意性以及遵从习惯等特点,在过去有效地调节着复杂的经济关系,我们探析其中有价值的成分,对于思考我国的民事诉讼制度应更多地引入当事人主义模式一定会有所启示。     

商会的产生机理:一个利他主义的解释

对于只提供集体公共产品的商会来说,如果行业内的企业都是利己主义者,且加入商会完全自愿,则"搭便车"的行为会使得集体行动无法实现,商会的发生机制亦将成为难解之迷。假如行业中存在利他主义的企业,其利他行为将使其他企业意识到行业的共同利益,从而抑制各自的机会主义倾向。利他主义者的存在起到了一种"凝结核"的作用,他们除了付出物质上的代价去增进行业的共同利益外,还会付出时间和精力去游说其他企业,推动行业的集体行动。多数行业的市场结构是不完全竞争的,企业规模参差不齐,一些规模较大的企业对于通过集体行动来获得合作剩余有着更强烈的需求,为了增进自身利益和整个集团的利益,这些规模较大的企业会成为商会的发起人。     

论行政公诉制度

行政公诉是相对于行政自诉而言的,它以平衡论为其理论基石.行政公诉制度扩大了行政诉讼的受案范围;增加了行政诉讼人的类型,对于制衡行政权,保护弱者有极其重要的意义.     

关于中国农民经济理性的纷争

纯粹理性对任何经济主体都是一种经济假说。由于农民所处的特殊环境 ,传统的观点认为农民是缺乏理性的 ,这种观点在国际上受到舒尔茨、塔克斯等理性论者的批判。中国自然经济历程较长 ,农民受传统文化影响较深 ,非理性的特征应该更为明显 ,但实证性研究材料表明 ,农民甚至包括贫困农户的经济行为仍然是理性的。当然 ,农民经济行为是否理性的争论还在继续     

Postmigration Living Difficulties,Help-Seeking and Community Resilience in the Initial Stages of Migration: Coproducing Community Practice with Recent Irish Migrants to London

This article describes a community-based participatory action research (CBPAR) project that examined the postmigration living difficulties (PMLD), help-seeking and community resilience of recent Irish migrants to London (n = 176). The majority of respondents were young adults, in managerial or professional occupations and in good or very good health. Mixed methods indicate inadequate planning for relocation and poor social support as the main difficulties in the initial stages of migration. Community factors promoting resilience included employment opportunities, local and transnational supports, and cultural familiarity and acceptance. Community participation in the action orientated phase of this CBPAR is discussed.     

Exploring the Ebbs and Flows of Community Engagement: The Pyramid of Engagement and Water Activism in Two Canadian Communities

In this article, we share results from a comparative study exploring the dynamics of community engagement surrounding local water advocacy organizations in two Canadian communities. Although emergent local issues and the perception of crisis triggered some short-term community engagement, social factors such as collective identity, a sense of community, and sense of efficacy appear to be more important for sustaining and deepening engagement. Drawing on the results, we show how the pyramid of engagement, by depicting activist engagement as a multilevel, developmental process, can serve as a useful tool for community engagement scholars and practitioners alike.     

Armchair detectives and the social construction of falsehoods: an actor–network approach

ABSTRACT

This paper examines two large-scale cases ? the 2013 Boston bombing and the 2015 Bangkok bombing, each of which spurred an online investigation conducted by concerned citizens to find the bombers. While both bombing cases had different cultural discourses, the processes and outcomes of the online investigation were similar: there were rampant speculation and rumor-mongering, as well as false accusations and harassment of innocent suspects. The aim of the paper is to understand how such acts of mob justice happened. Using actor–network theory, a theoretical and methodological tool for mapping out the networks human and non-human interactions, I discuss two types of networks found in both investigations. The two network types demonstrate how a claim can be construed as fact or fiction through such networks of interaction. In light of debates on the proliferation of fake news and alternative facts, the findings have implications for the current and precarious state of truth in today’s society.     

“Why I Can't Stand Out in Front of My House?”: Street‐Identified Black Youth and Young Adult's Negative Encounters With Police

This street participatory action research (Street PAR) study organized 15 residents to document street‐identified Black youth and adult's negative experiences with police in Wilmington, Delaware. Data were collected on mostly street‐identified Black men and women aged 18–35 in the forms of (1) 520 surveys, (2) 24 individual interviews, (3) four dual interviews, (4) three group interviews, and (5) extensive field observations. Forty‐two percent of survey participants reported being stopped by police in the last year. However, with the exception of being “stopped,” participants overall reported little negative contact with police at least within the past year. Chi‐square and ANOVA analyses suggest an interactional relationship exists between race, gender, and age on experiences with police. Younger Black men (18–21) were found to have the most negative contact with police. Analysis suggests a smaller, more hardened mostly male variant of the larger street community has had repeated contact with police. Qualitative analysis reveals at least two major themes: (1) disrespect and disdain for residents and (2) low motivation for working with police. Street PAR methodology was also found to be instrumental in working with local residents and the Wilmington Police Department to improve conditions between residents and police.