社会转型期助人被讹现象的人类学分析

历史经验表明,现代化过程往往会导致传统与现代在价值观、道德判断和行为规范方面的冲突;当代中国也不可避免要经历这些变化。通过分析助人被讹现象的特点、社会原因和道德后果,试图揭示社会转型期间两种伦理体系的冲突及其对个体行动者的影响。文章将首先考察"做好事被讹"现象的主要特征。大多数讹人者都是那些本该获得同情和帮助的年长者。再将探讨"做好事被讹"现象对社会的多方面影响,认为"做好事被讹"事件尽管少有发生,但它对社会信任、同情和道德互惠原则造成了重创。最后探究导致这种令人恼火的行为产生的多种社会原因,也广泛讨论了当代中国社会的道德风貌。     

人口计生宣传教育为“先导”的重心和支点

宣传教育为先导的战略决策,是国家人口计生委党组书记、主任李斌同志2007年年底在河南召开全国农村人口文化建设工作现场会和在宁波市召开全国婚育新风进万家活动经验交流会上提出的重大战略思想。宣传教育为先导战略决策的提出,是在科学发展观指引下尊重思想政治工作、精神文明建设和人口计生工作客观规律,总结正反两方面工作经验教训的必然产物,是今后做好人口计生工作的元点工程。本文主要论述了为什么要先导,先什么、导什么,如何先导三个重大问题。     

中国人口变动与经济增长

人口具有生产和消费的双重属性,因此人口变动与经济增长密切相关。考察中国改革开放以来的经济增长态势,以人口为中心系统地分析影响中国改革开放以来经济持续高速增长的主要因素。中国的人口变动主要从四个方面促进了改革开放以来经济持续的高速增长;如果没有其他突发性因素的冲击,单从人口变动因素来看,中国经济还可能再持续增长二十年。     

试论唐朝在边疆民族地区推行的羁縻府州制度

文章认为,唐代在对边疆民族地区的开拓与经略过程中,因袭历史上传统的"因俗而治"的方法并加以发扬光大,创立了一套完备的政治制度--羁縻府州制度,并把之成功地推行于边疆地区.大唐帝国多民族国家的空前繁盛和周边民族对中央王朝的向心力和凝聚力的增强,与羁縻府州制度在周边民族地区的推行是密不可分的.     

伊朗伊斯兰共和国政治体制探究

1979年伊朗爆发了伊斯兰革命,从表面看,革命的胜利是政教合一体制建立的主要原因。然而在经过两伊战争、政治孤立、经济制裁、伊核危机和总统大选风波后,这种政治体制仍能稳步发展且依然具有活力的深层原因很值得研究。本文将通过波斯传统的政治思想、伊斯兰教什叶派的宗教思想、外来现代化思想的影响和其他模式尝试的失败等四个方面来揭示这一体制得以确立和发展的内在根源。     

转型期农村教育社会分层功能弱化的制度性因素

学校教育制度应该促进农村学生的向上社会流动,然而在我国社会转型过程中的教育制度以城市教育为中心,优先发展城市教育,以"市场能力"和学业成绩作为学校选拔规则,以及重点学校制度对农村学生获得高一级教育机会的制约,导致了对农村学生的"教育排斥"。教育制度的城市化、市场化、精英化取向是转型期农村教育社会分层功能弱化的制度性原因。将现阶段农村教育主要功能定位于促进农村学生城市化和社会地位升迁,确立教育制度的正义原则,实现对农村学生的"差异补偿"是解决这一问题的主要思路。     

Changing men,changing times – fathers and sons from an experimental gender equality study

The aim of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework for addressing intergenerational transmission, historical change and agency. The framework will be employed to analyse the findings from a longitudinal follow‐up study over two generations of men, where couples from Norway participated in an experimental research study, the Work‐Sharing Couples Project, which aimed to promote egalitarian work–family adaptations in the early 1970s. The original study was based on both spouses working part‐time and shift parenting. The follow‐up study concluded that the untraditional work–family arrangement had not been passed on to the sons. The article develops a multidimensional analysis of the work–family adaptations of men in two generations: the untraditional adaptation of fathers in the 1970s; and the neo‐traditional adaptations of sons in the 2000s. In developing a four‐dimensional approach to intergenerational transmission and social change, the article contributes to the study of intergenerational transmission through the comparison of situated agency in different generations and time/spaces. Taking into account different aspects of time and space, personal biography, discursive and material structures of opportunity, and intergenerational dynamics at the family level as well as at social level, the article contributes to theorizing longitudinal qualitative research by linking the micro‐level to the macro‐level.     

百年中国宪法变迁与宪政发展的特点和启示

中国从1908年8月清政府颁布《钦定宪法大纲》起,至今已有百余年的宪法变迁和宪政发展历程.它经历了晚清预备立宪时期的宪政运动,北洋军阀时期的立宪和宪政运动,国民政府时期的立宪和宪政运动,新中国成立后中国共产党的立宪和推动这几个宪政运动阶段.深入研究百年中国的宪法变迁和宪政运动的发展,有益于我们从中汲取立宪和宪政运动的经验教训,推动中国特色社会主义宪政建设.     

中小企业战略信息系统建设探究

阐述了战略信息系统的内涵以及中小企业战略信息系统的建设意义,分析了中小企业战略信息系统建设存在的问题,并针对性地提出了对策。     

Traditional versus Western perceptions of mental illness: women of Moroccan origin treated in an Israeli mental health center

This paper focuses on the problems encountered in providing Westernized psychiatric treatment to a population with traditional healing beliefs. The sample comprised women of Moroccan origin living in Israel undergoing treatment for psychiatric disorders (N=38), and their treating psychiatrists (N=9). Ethnographic interviews were conducted among both groups. The results revealed that the symptoms, perceptions of the illness, and problems encountered in the therapeutic relationship differed across three age groups, young women (20–30 years), more mature women (31–42 years), and older women (43–60 years). While cultural conflict appeared to affect the development of mental illness in each group, this was most pronounced among women in the middle age range. Moreover, problems in the therapeutic alliance were greatest in this age group. The data from the therapists indicated that they maintained a Western perspective in both their understanding and diagnoses of these patients' illnesses. The different perspectives of the therapists and each of the three groups of women are discussed. It is concluded that professionals treating traditional populations must avoid imposing Western standards, and consider the treatment in the context of cultural beliefs. The developmental stages of the individual, and the stage of acculturation must also be taken into account if treatment is to be effective.