On the measurement and analysis of asymmetry with applications to facial modelling

Summary.  Asymmetry is a feature of shape which is of particular interest in a variety of applications. With landmark data, the essential information on asymmetry is contained in the degree to which there is a mismatch between a landmark configuration and its relabelled and matched reflection. This idea is explored in the context of a study of facial shape in infants, where particular interest lies in identifying changes over time and in assessing residual deformity in children who have had corrective surgery for a cleft lip or cleft lip and palate. Interest lies not in whether the mean shape is asymmetric but in comparing the degrees of asymmetry in different populations. A decomposition of the asymmetry score into components that are attributable to particular features of the face is proposed. A further decomposition allows different sources of asymmetry due to position, orientation or intrinsic asymmetry to be identified for each feature. The methods are also extended to data representing anatomical curves across the face.     

Best practices for physical activity programs and behavior counseling in older adult populations

Physical activity offers one of the greatest opportunities for people to extend years of active independent life and reduce functional limitations. The purpose of this paper is to identify key practices for promoting physical activity in older adults, with a focus on older adults with chronic disease or low fitness and those with low levels of physical activity. Key practices identified in promotion activity in older adults include: (1) a multidimensional activity program that includes endurance, strength, balance, and flexibility training is optimal for health and functional benefits; (2) principles of behavior change, including social support, self-efficacy, active choices, health contracts, assurances of safety, and positive reinforcement, enhance adherence; (3) management of risk by beginning at low intensity but gradually increasing to moderate physical activity which has a better risk/benefit ratio should be the goal for older adults; (4) an emergency procedure plan is prudent for community-based programs; and (5) monitoring aerobic intensity is important for progression and for motivation. Selected content reviews of physical activity programming from major organizations and institutions are provided. Regular participation in physical activity is one of the most effective ways for older adults, including those with disabilities, to help prevent chronic disease, promote independence, and increase quality of life in old age.Publication Note All National Blueprint Publications are in the public domain and can be freely reproduced without copyright. This article has been previously published in Medicine Science and Sports and Exercise and the Journal of Aging and Physical Activity. Individuals or organizations who wish to publish National Blueprint articles should contact the National Blueprint Office for permission.     

歧义在转换生成语法中的研究

歧义是人类语言中的普遍现象,仅对歧义句进行描写不利于对歧义句的研究的深入。文章在转换生成语法框架内解释了论元在表层结构的可能线性组合、论元在深层结构的可能组合、逻辑性结构歧义三个方面解析了歧义句形成的原因。论元在句子表层结构或深层结构的可能组合是形成歧义句的一个重要原因,不同的组合形成了不同的歧义解释;管辖与约束理论引进语迹,认为逻辑性歧义句是由于WH-词、量词或否定词有不同的辖域;最简方案以逻辑算子为基础,认为逻辑结构歧义是由于在特征核查中形成的不同的语链。     

我国新型工业化的发展研究

新型工业化是21世纪提升我国国际竞争力的必然选择,其核心是以先进的信息技术改造、提升传统产业,以信息化带动工业化。本文论述了新型工业化与传统工业化的主要区别;分析了新型工业化的动力机制;提出了符合我国现实情况的新型工业化之路。     

用偏导数法求解一类二元函数方程

给出了形如f（w（xy））=R（f（x）f（y））的二元函数方程可微解的偏导数求法，将此类二元函数方程的求解归结为一阶常微分方程的求解问题     

“后工具时代”与媒介的诗性诉求——兼论媒介的文学基因与审美质素

基于科学技术的传播媒介不仅改变了文学传播与媒介的性质,还重新创造了人类感知世界的方式,并由外而内地修正了文学的谱系与生态,文学已不再是一个本质性的概念。在媒介时代,从工具理性向功能主体转换的媒介,在消解文学的同时更在建构文学,成了重构现代与后现代文学的“原点”。媒介绝非物性与技术性,它内涵诗性的基因与审美的质素。     

提高C语言教学中学生的学习兴趣

C语言已成为高校计算机教学的基本课程。在C语言的教学中 ,最好是能将理论知识和实际应用结合起来 ,在有限的课堂教学里 ,激发学生学习C语言的兴趣 ,提高学生运用C语言的实际能力。     

Pseudo confidence regions for the solution of a multivariate linear functional relationship

The problem of finding confidence regions (CR) for a q-variate vector γ given as the solution of a linear functional relationship (LFR) Λγ = μ is investigated. Here an m-variate vector μ and an m × q matrix Λ = (Λ₁, Λ₂,…, Λ_q) are unknown population means of an m(q+1)-variate normal distribution $\text{N}{}_{\mathrm{m(q+1)}}\text{(ζΩ?Σ)}$, where ζ′ = (μ′, Λ₁′, Λ₂′,…, Λ_q′Σ is an unknown, symmetric and positive definite m × m matrix and Ω is a known, symmetric and positive definite (q+1) × (q+1) matrix and ? denotes the Kronecker product. This problem is a generalization of the univariate special case for the ratio of normal means.A CR for γ with level of confidence 1 ? α, is given by a quadratic inequality, which yields the so-called ‘pseudo’ confidence regions (PCR) valid conditionally in subsets of the parameter space. Our discussion is focused on the ‘bounded pseudo’ confidence region (BPCR) given by the interior of a hyperellipsoid. The two conditions necessary for a BPCR to exist are shown to be the consistency conditions concerning the multivariate LFR. The probability that these conditions hold approaches one under ‘reasonable circumstances’ in many practical situations. Hence, we may have a BPCR with confidence approximately 1 ? α. Some simulation results are presented.     

大学图书馆在高教信息化中的功能定位

大学图书馆是高教信息化的保障平台。其不仅要成为文献信息资源的搜集者和提供者、学校教育软件的组织者和集成管理者,而且要成为多媒体和网络教学的辅助者。图书馆的功能定位决定其自身的牵涉面较广,故各方面的关系需要妥善处理。     

比较与变换——纪念黎锦熙先生《比较文法》出版70周年

黎锦熙先生的<比较文法>是汉语语法学史上一部具有独特风格的重要著作.系统地采用比较和变换的方法来研究汉语的句法形式,在比较和变换的研究中注重语义的分析和语用、修辞因素的探讨,是这一著作的突出特点.此书关于比较和变换的理论和方法,至今仍值得我们认真研究和借鉴.