Acquired immunity: immunosenescence and physical activity

Several lines of evidence indicate that infectious diseases, cancer, and autoimmune disorders occur more frequently in elderly people, thus suggesting that altered function of immune organs and cells, such as thymus and T and B lymphocytes are of primary importance in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Furthermore, old subjects are less responsive to vaccine than younger because of immune changes. The most common changes accompanying the adaptive immune system include decrement of T and B cells proliferation, repertoire degeneracy, increase of the memory cell type, decreased numbers of naive cells, and shift from T helper₁ (Th1) to T helper₂ (Th2) response. Regular exercise in the elderly may improve the alterations in acquired immunity which follow the physiological process of aging, allowing a major resistance against external pathogens and a better quality of life.     

云南元江傣话单字音声调的语音实验分析

用语音实验的方法对元江傣话单字音声调的语音材料进行实验分析表明,元江傣话单字音声调的声学特征是每个声调的声学分布空间和调值都是具体的.     

Modeling longitudinal binomial responses: implications from two dueling paradigms

The generalized estimating equations (GEEs) and generalized linear mixed-effects model (GLMM) are the two most popular paradigms to extend models for cross-sectional data to a longitudinal setting. Although the two approaches yield well-interpreted models for continuous outcomes, it is quite a different story when applied to binomial responses. We discuss major modeling differences between the GEE- and GLMM-derived models by presenting new results regarding the model-driven differences. Our results show that GLMM induces some artifacts in the marginal models at assessment times, making it inappropriate when applied to such responses from real study data. The different interpretations of parameters resulting from the conceptual difference between the two modeling approaches also carry quite significant implications and ramifications with respect to data and power analyses. Although a special case involving a scale difference in parameters between GEE and GLMM has been noted in the literature, its implications in real data analysis has not been thoroughly addressed. Further, this special case has a very limited covariate structure and does not apply to most real studies, especially multi-center clinical trials. The new results presented fill a substantial gap in the literature regarding the model-driven differences between the two dueling paradigms.     

精神荒原，终极救赎——基督教视角下的《荒原》解读

目前关于《荒原》的宗教思想,主要存在“骑士寻找圣杯”和“个人精神世界的崩溃与重组过程”的观点,但两种观点各有其不足。尝试剖析艾略特的《荒原》创作根源,通过对《荒原》的主线分析,找出既能驾驭全诗各片断又能解决“荒原”缺水却有水的矛盾的是基督教主线,即“罪-遭上帝离弃-地狱-救赎”,同时还阐释了在该主线下衍生的无数基督教故事。基于以上分析,推断出艾略特在《荒原》中的创作视角为基督教视角;所表达的核心思想是信仰基督教才能摆脱精神荒原,得到最终救赎。     

Inequality, unemployment and growth: New measures for old controversies

This essay surveys some of the work of the University of Texas Inequality Project, a small research group that for the past decade has worked primarily to develop new measures of economic inequality, using a method based on the between-groups component of Theil’s T statistic. In this way, inequality statistics can be computed from many diverse and mundane sources of information, including regional tax collections, employment and earnings, census of manufacturing, and harmonized international industrial data sets. The rich data environment so constructed permits new analyses of patterns of economic change, by region, by sector, and by country, and broadly supports the idea that the movement of inequality is closely related to macroeconomic events at the national and the global level. I thank Ravi Kanbur for the invitation to submit this essay for consideration by the JOEI, and I thank the members of the UTIP team for comments on the draft.     

Local power of panel unit root tests allowing for structural breaks

The asymptotic local power of least squares–based fixed-T panel unit root tests allowing for a structural break in their individual effects and/or incidental trends of the AR(1) panel data model is studied. Limiting distributions of these tests are derived under a sequence of local alternatives, and analytic expressions show how their means and variances are functions of the break date and the time dimension of the panel. The considered tests have nontrivial local power in a N^?1/2 neighborhood of unity when the panel data model includes individual intercepts. For panel data models with incidental trends, the power of the tests becomes trivial in this neighborhood. However, this problem does not always appear if the tests allow for serial correlation in the error term and completely vanishes in the presence of cross-section correlation. These results show that fixed-T tests have very different theoretical properties than their large-T counterparts. Monte Carlo experiments demonstrate the usefulness of the asymptotic theory in small samples.     

糖尿病血脂异常的治疗

糖尿病是目前危害人类健康的主要疾病之一,是冠心病的独立致病因素。大血管疾病并发症是糖尿病患者的主要死因[1]。有研究提示,血脂异常对糖尿病人群发生大血管并发症有显著作用。糖尿病性血脂异常是一种代谢综合征,属于继发性血脂异常。它的特点是除血糖升高外,在血液中还有     

页码之辨——《GB／T7714--2005》执行难的一个细节探讨

引文页码的标注,集中了《GB／T7714--2005》“执行难”的问题症结：多制式的繁杂,与传统文化传习范型有较大差别,造成作者写作时的标示困惑、读者阅读过程中的不解以及编者编辑加工文稿时的耗时费神。因而,如何使页码标注作为书写立言一个合理确凿的细节,应与其总体设置一同做到：详尽而明了易懂、涵括而操作简便——这才是一个编排规范成熟的标志。     

T1-1223超导体的额外氧效应

结合有效价键模型和原子对势的理论计算研究了T1-1223超导相的Cu-O金字塔五配位上由于Fe掺杂所导致的额外氧效应．研究结果表明：Fe掺杂原子占据Cu晶位后．将导致额外氧进入晶格而占据Ca原子四方网络的间隙位置．Fe掺杂所带来的额外氧。对Cu-O面载流子有很大的局域化作用．导致了载流子浓度降低，同时破坏了Cu-O平面的完整性．也致使Tc下降。这一点得到了超导电性测量的证实．     

An Effective Statistical Approach for Comparative Risk Assessment1

Comparative risk assessment is an evaluation process designed to rank environmental problems based on the severity of potential hazards. The purpose of this paper is to provide an effective statistical approach to analyze perceived environmental risks. Environmental problems, evaluative criteria, and other potential moderator variables need to be determined first, and then the risk perception data collected. Repeated measures analysis is used to first test for interactions between environmental problems and potential moderator variables. If there are no significant interactions, then the risk difference among environmental problems is tested unconditionally; otherwise the risk difference is tested conditionally. Cluster analysis for environmental problems is performed only when the risk difference is significant. The clustering results can be objectively determined by using the simultaneous T² confidence intervals. Risk-based priority setting is made according to the clusters obtained. To illustrate this approach, an empirical study of comparative socioeconomic risks in Taiwan was conducted. Socioeconomic impacts areas including social security, quality of life, production cost, investment willingness, and economic resources are used as evaluative criteria. Results indicate that selected impact areas do affect relative risk differences among 24 environmental problems, and the difference is significant for each area. Therefore, cluster analysis is conducted separately for each impact area. Risk-based priority settings for clusters of environmental problems are reported.