论高校思想政治教育中大学生主体性的培育

在高等学校的思想政治教育中,充分注重对大学生主体性的培育和发展,是做好思想政治工作的重要环节。高校思想政治教育的目标应定位于培养和完善学生的主体性,并以培养大学生的主体意识,尊重大学生的主体地位,发展大学生的主体能力,塑造大学生主体性人格等为主要内容。     

儒墨对辨的价值论根源及其现代启示

儒家、墨家的相互批判是春秋战国时期学术思想上的一次大碰撞。双方对辨的焦点集中于对国家和社会问题的思考以及解决方案的合理性。儒墨对辨开创了理性批判的先河,彰显了在历史整合时期个人和社会价值的多元化及其冲突的意义。     

中小学教师工作满意度的调查研究

中小学教师的工作满意度没有显著的性别差异,但存在明显的年龄差异。随着年龄的增长,教师满意度呈上升趋势,中老年教师的满意度最高。但教师对不同工作要素的满意度的变化趋势可能不同,其中“保健”因素可能呈“U”形发展。     

先秦儒家的富贵道义观与市场经济伦理

长期以来,人们一直认为儒家是重义轻利的,并把某些时期中国经济发展的落后归结为儒家重义轻利思想的影响。其实,儒家思想虽有重义轻利的一面,也有肯定现世的功利主义和相信财富作为道德完美的一种普遍手段的价值观念,特别是在先秦儒家那里。本文从分析先秦儒家富贵道义观提出的时代背景和人性基础出发,对先秦儒家的富贵道义观进行初步分析,意在为我国市场经济伦理的确立提供传统资源。     

Neighborhood characteristics, parental practices and children’s math achievement in elementary school

This paper investigates the relationships among neighborhood characteristics, education-related parental practices, and children’s academic achievement during a critical but under-studied stage of children’s educational trajectories - the elementary school years. Using a large, nationally representative database of American elementary school students - the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study - Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K) - and contextual data from the 2000 US Census, we examine parental practices and neighborhood characteristics at the beginning of children’s school careers (grades K-1) and their associations with math achievement through the end of the 5th grade. Findings: Net of family-level characteristics, higher levels of early education-oriented parental practices were associated with higher mathematics achievement at the end of 5th grade, while neighborhood disadvantage was associated with lower 5th grade math achievement. Families residing in high poverty, high unemployment, low-education neighborhoods employed fewer education-oriented practices with their kindergarten-first grade children, but the positive effect of such parental practices on children’s mathematics achievement was stronger for children who live in disadvantaged neighborhoods.     

探索有特色的成人教育学院办学新路

成人教育在现代教育中发挥着越来越重要的作用。要促进成人教育学院的发展,探索有特色的成人教育学院办学新路应从以下方面着手:(一)加强学科建设,优化和调整课程设置;(二)深化内部改革,建立有特色的教学运行体制;(三)加强队伍建设,实行严格教学;(四)拓宽渠道,合作办学。     

Examining individual‐level academic risk and protective factors for foster youth: School engagement,behaviors, self‐esteem,and social skills

Students' school engagement is widely regarded as critical for positive school adjustment and overall academic success. Foster youth persistently face poorer educational outcomes than peers and demonstrate lower levels of school engagement and higher levels of academically threatening behaviors. The goals of the present study were (a) to explore relationships amongst various child‐level correlates of school engagement and problem behaviors—namely, self‐esteem and social skills—and (b) to respectively investigate the protective potential of self‐esteem and social skills in the association between school engagement and behavior problems that threaten educational trajectories. Results indicate significant associations between school engagement and problem behaviors, as well as between self‐esteem, social skills, and school engagement. Further, self‐esteem mediated the association between school engagement and both youth‐ and foster parent‐reported externalizing behavior, and social skills mediated the association between school engagement and both youth‐ and foster parent‐reported externalizing behavior. Implications for future practice, research, and policy are discussed.     

Violence and Vulnerability: Children’s Strategies and the Logic of Violence in Burundi

This study explores how children in conflict‐affected Burundi deal with violence in their everyday lives. Focusing on schools as a context in which children are prepared for further roles in society, child‐centred, qualitative and mixed‐methods research was conducted at 36 primary schools throughout Burundi. Findings reveal that children use a variety of strategies to deal with violence they encounter. These strategies reflect a learned ‘logic of violence’, matching dynamics of violence and vulnerability in society at large. Children’s strategies are ultimately aimed at reducing vulnerability to (future) violence and indicative of the omnipresence of violence and uncertainty in Burundi.     

Does schooling protect sexual health? The association between three measures of education and STIs among adolescents in Malawi

While multiple studies have documented shifting educational gradients in HIV prevalence, less attention has been given to the effect of school participation and academic skills on infection during adolescence. Using the Malawi Schooling and Adolescent Study, a longitudinal survey that followed 2,649 young people aged 14–17 at baseline from 2007 to 2013, we estimate the effect of three education variables: school enrolment, grade attainment, and academic skills—numeracy and Chichewa literacy—on herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and HIV incidence using interval-censored survival analysis. We find that grade attainment is significantly associated with lower rates of both HSV-2 and HIV among girls, and is negatively associated with HSV-2 but not HIV among boys. School enrolment and academic skills are not significantly associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) for boys or girls in our final models. Efforts to encourage school progression in high-prevalence settings in sub-Saharan Africa could well reduce, or at least postpone, acquisition of STIs.     

Enrolling girls without learning: Evidence from public schools in Afghanistan

While more girls are now attending school in Afghanistan than prior to 2010, there is a lack of evidence on how school attendance is helping their cognitive development. We use data from a large sample of all‐girls state‐funded school students to estimate for the first time the “learning profile” for Afghanistan. Students enrolled in grades 4 to 9 were assessed using the Early Grade Reading Assessment (EGRA) and the Early Grade Mathematics Assessment (EGMA) test items. We find that higher grade progression (particularly in grades 6–9) leads to almost no gain in numeracy (addition and subtraction) skills that should have been achieved in early grades. Similar results follow from the analysis of student performance in the EGRA test, particularly in oral reading fluency (correct words read per minute) and oral reading comprehension (number of correct answers out of 12). These findings warn that simply enrolling girls in school without improving the relationship between grade completion and learning is unlikely to transform the lives of women in Afghanistan.