论我国间接税对收入分配的影响

政府应该充分发挥税收在二次分配中的调节作用,缩小收入分配差距,实现社会的和谐发展。因此,在前人研究的基础上,致力于分析我国间接税的设计机理,探讨间接税对收入分配的影响,认为当前我国税制的收入分配调节功能远没有充分发挥,以流转税为主体之一的税制设计甚至恶化了初次分配状况。提出政策建议,为税制的进一步改革提供一点启示。     

Welfare Attitudes of Singaporeans – Ambiguity in Shifting Socio‐political Dynamics

This article presents findings from a survey of 440 Singaporeans on their attitudes towards welfare and welfare recipients. Attitudes were generally favourable, but sentiments towards higher taxes to help the poor were ambivalent. Controlled for demographic characteristics, ‘poverty sympathizers’ and affiliates of opposition political parties held the most liberal views, but were not more willing to pay higher taxes. Instead, poor respondents on the one hand and highly educated respondents on the other hand were more willing to pay higher taxes. Knowledge accumulation and beliefs about causes of poverty were strong predictors of attitudes. Effects of personal values and self‐interest were less evident. Couched against the backdrop of an economy that has experienced rapid transformation and one of the widest income inequality in the developed world, the article discusses the critical juncture of social response and policy choices that Singapore finds itself.     

纳税人新论

"纳税人"是任何一个税收治理体系的核心范畴。能否按照每个纳税者自己的税收意志管理税收活动,是一个纳税者成为真正意义上的"纳税人"的逻辑前提。"纳税人"的内涵与本质在于,他必须是具有明确税收主体性和意志的人,是可以为自己的财产自主独立负责的税收主体。真正的"纳税人",必定是税收权利与义务的统一体,是纳税人权利与义务的统一体。同样,一个国家"纳税人"规模的大小,直接决定着这个国家税制的优劣与善恶,决定着这个税制终极目的的实现与否,体现着这个国家税收治理的文明程度。     

开征环境税对经济增长影响的实证研究——基于十二个发达国家二氧化碳税开征经验的面板数据分析

本文利用芬兰等十二个已开征二氧化碳税的发达国家1980～2009年间的跨国面板数据进行随机效应估计.结果发现:开征环境税在短期内可能给经济增长带来负向冲击;但环境税对经济增长的影响更多地体现为长期冲击,且这种长期冲击是显著的负向影响.因此,开征环境税时,不仅要通过税收体系调整缓解企业成本上升在短期内给经济增长带来的不利冲击,更应从长期影响的视角出发,设计配套政策,降低环境税在长期内对经济增长和社会福利可能存在的不利影响.     

进一步落实和完善促进中小企业发展的税收政策法规

中小企业是促进我国经济社会平稳健康发展的重要有生力量,但当前中小企业大多面临成本高、用工难、融资难问题,为此要进一步完善促进中小企业发展的税收等政策环境,积极鼓励帮助企业合理合法地用好国家的各项优惠扶持政策,从而更好地促进中小企业发展,发挥中小企业在促进我国经济转型中的重要作用。     

Can strategic uncertainty help deter tax evasion? An experiment on auditing rules

This paper adds to the economic-psychological research on tax compliance by experimentally testing a simple auditing rule that induces strategic uncertainty among taxpayers. Under this rule, termed the bounded rule, taxpayers are informed of the maximum number of audits by a tax authority, so that the audit probability depends on the joint decisions among the taxpayers. We compare the bounded rule to the widely studied flat-rate rule, where taxpayers are informed that they will be audited with a constant probability. The experimental evidence shows that, as theoretically predicted, the bounded rule induces the same level of compliance as the flat-rate rule when strategic uncertainty is low, and a higher level of compliance when strategic uncertainty is high. The bounded rule also induces distinctive tax evasion dynamics compared to the flat-rate rule. The results suggest that increasing the level of strategic uncertainty among taxpayers could be an effective device to deter tax evasion.     

A measuring instrument to evaluate e-service quality in a revenue authority setting

Tax revenue forms the backbone of any economy. The quality of the e-services provided by a revenue authority is therefore crucial, as e-service quality directly influences the burden of complying with tax obligations, and hence affects the tax compliance climate in a country. The aim of the study is the development of a measuring instrument that encapsulates the ‘lens of a tax practitioner’ in an e-service revenue authority setting. In order to develop a conceptual framework, an in-depth, qualitative approach was used to identify a comprehensive range of service attributes and dimensions that potentially drive e-service quality in the revenue authority setting. This framework is then compared with other relevant service quality models to derive at a proposed e-service quality-measuring instrument. Findings from this study may advance the understanding and the management of the e-service quality of the e-services in a revenue authority setting.     

上海市税收收入与经济增长的相关分析

本文采用动态计量经济学研究方法,运用虚拟变量和广义最小二乘模型,以上海市1949--2005年的数据为样本．对上海市税收收入与经济增长相关性进行实证分析表明,上海市经济增长与税收收入增长基本协调,但是,在上海市经济高速增长的同时,也存在着税收超常增长的态势。这一方面说明税务部门征收管理工作的进步,另一方面也说明税源结构并不合理。为此,应继续加强征收工作;优化产业布局;建立高效税源管理体系。     

“扩大生产者责任”制的一般均衡分析

扩大生产者责任制是当前发达国家或地区正在实行的一项废弃物管理政策,其研究在我国亦引起了愈来愈多的关注。文章针对我国废弃物管理中最突出的家电废弃物问题构建了一般均衡模型,分别探讨了外部性存在时的最优家电废弃物管理政策和外部性不存在时的最优家电废弃物管理政策。研究结果表明:外部性存在时,庇古税是家电废弃物管理的最优政策;外部性不存在时,可在我国将要实行的收购回收方式的基础上推行扩大生产者责任制。     

The bomb-crater effect of tax audits: Beyond the misperception of chance

The experimental literature has identified the Bomb Crater Effect (BoCE), i.e., the fact that tax compliance drops immediately after a taxpayer is audited. From a theoretical perspective, BoCE has been explained either by the misperception of chance, also known as the gambler’s fallacy, or by the loss repair effect. The aim of this paper is to look more closely at the former. We run a laboratory experiment in which the information set is relatively rich but the implementation of the Bayesian updating process is fairly simple. By doing so, we are able to elicit a range of consistent but heterogeneous probability beliefs and to distinguish between Bayesian and non-Bayesian subjects. We obtain two major results concerning Bayesian subjects. First, they exhibit a strong and robust short-run BoCE. Second, they are seemingly not affected by the audits of other taxpayers in their compliance decision. These results are robust to different definitions of Bayesianity as well as to different specifications and conflict with the evidence that Bayesian agents correctly perceive the chance of being audited. In turn, these findings suggest that the existing explanations of the BoCE are not satisfactory and that alternative theories are needed.