中国共产党建党九十年来的对美交往

中国共产党建党九十年来,与美国开展交往始终是其对外工作的重要方面。在革命和战争时期、新中国成立后社会主义建设时期以及改革开放新时期,中国共产党对美国的认识都曾随国际国内形势的变化而发生重大调整,双方之间经历了从对抗到合作的多次磨合。九十年对美交往的历史极大地丰富了中国共产党处理对外关系的宝贵经验,使得我们党能够成功地在正确判断国际形势的基础上,从维护民族利益和国家利益出发,坚持独立自主、平等互利原则,以斗争促合作来推动中美关系的发展。推进中美关系的进一步发展,需要在客观认识中美力量对比基础上制定务实稳妥的政策,加强双方的交流对话以增进互信,拓展对美交往的渠道。而美国则需要尊重中国核心国家利益和重大关切,调整心态,接纳中国的发展和崛起。     

Mortality analysis of persons with disabilities in Argentina by age,sex and duration of benefit, 2015–16

This article describes the differential mortality of Argentina’s disability pension beneficiaries during the 2015–16 period, based on National Social Security Administration (Administración Nacional de la Seguridad Social – ANSES) payment records. It compares data for those with an assessed disability with overall population data, as well as with available international data (from Canada, Chile, Mexico, and the United States of America). In addition to breaking down mortality rates for people with disabilities by age and sex, it also factors in duration of benefit, establishing an inverse correlation between benefit duration and mortality.     

美国中小学的体验式学习及启示

体验式学习的内涵随着时代的发展而逐渐丰富和深化，但无论其如何演变，直接经验和反思始终是体验式学习这一概念的内核。体验式学习理念渗透于美国教育文化之中。具体表现在：小学阶段的教育以学生的真实感知为基础，注重为学生提供真实体验的机会和激发学生的学习兴趣；中学尤其是高中阶段的教育以学生的真实体验为基础，注重为学生提供在新情境中检验所学知识的机会，注重学生知识、技能的内化吸收。美国中小学体验式学习的实施经验可为我国基础教育课程改革提供如下启示：（1）进一步树立和推广体验式学习理念；（2）创设学生进行真实体验的教学环境；（3）注重实施基于学生体验式学习的表现性评价。     

Now What Do People Know About Global Climate Change? Survey Studies of Educated Laypeople

In 1992, a mental‐models‐based survey in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, revealed that educated laypeople often conflated global climate change and stratospheric ozone depletion, and appeared relatively unaware of the role of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions in global warming. This study compares those survey results with 2009 data from a sample of similarly well‐educated laypeople responding to the same survey instrument. Not surprisingly, following a decade of explosive attention to climate change in politics and in the mainstream media, survey respondents in 2009 showed higher awareness and comprehension of some climate change causes. Most notably, unlike those in 1992, 2009 respondents rarely mentioned ozone depletion as a cause of global warming. They were also far more likely to correctly volunteer energy use as a major cause of climate change; many in 2009 also cited natural processes and historical climatic cycles as key causes. When asked how to address the problem of climate change, while respondents in 1992 were unable to differentiate between general “good environmental practices” and actions specific to addressing climate change, respondents in 2009 have begun to appreciate the differences. Despite this, many individuals in 2009 still had incorrect beliefs about climate change, and still did not appear to fully appreciate key facts such as that global warming is primarily due to increased concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and the single most important source of this carbon dioxide is the combustion of fossil fuels.     

宋教仁的帝国主义论与民族解放思想

宋教仁对帝国主义的侵略特点和战争本质都有深刻的新认识.他在20世纪初敏锐地预见到国际战略格局的新变化,认为日、美、英等国在亚太地区的激烈争夺,必然导致日美之间的战争;同时剖析了欧洲德、奥、意"三国同盟"与英、法、俄"三国协约"的形成与矛盾的尖锐化.认为这必将导致世界大战的爆发.他提出,中国应该利用帝国主义之间的矛盾,配合世界性民族独立解放运动的新潮流,争取中华民族的独立与解放.     

解放战争后期美蒋"脱身"与反"脱身"的斗争

解放战争后期,美国为了应付国民党垮台后的局面,决定从中国内战中"脱身",逐渐远离国民党;而国民党蒋介石为挽救失败的命运,同美国进行了反"脱身"的斗争.     

美、澳两国移民政策的发展与演变

美、澳两国都是“移民之国”。从殖民地时期起 ,两国即形成不同的移民传统 :美国鼓励自由移民 ,澳大利亚则反对大规模移民。 19世纪末 ,排外主义和种族主义导致两国政府采取排斥和限制移民的政策 ,其实质是为维护白欧洲人的利益。二战后 ,两国本着充实和发展多元化社会的原则 ,调整政策向限制和选择移民的方向发展     

Who Holds the Stakes? A Case Study of Stakeholder Identification at Two Nuclear Weapons Production Sites

Traditional risk assessments, including those involving the United States Department of Energy (USDOE), are often criticized for producing useless or noncredible management responses because they did not meaningfully involve the public. The first step to involve the public is to identify appropriate active participants (stakeholders). This study was done to understand the processes used to identify stakeholders to serve on advisory boards established at the two largest remediation sites in the United States: the Hanford Nuclear Reservation in Washington state and the Savannah River Site in South Carolina. The Hanford stakeholder identification process produced an interest-based board whereas the Savannah River Site strategy produced population-based representation. The basic goals of the stakeholder advisory groups were similar. However, different processes were used to identify the participants for the groups in part because of distinctly different social and cultural conditions in the areas affected by the operations of the two facilities, and in part because of the different level of trust of the USDOE and their contractors at Hanford compared with Savannah River. The discussion analyzes their different needs and potential for successful citizen participation.     

毛泽东关于生产力布局的思考与探索——兼谈西部开发的战略意义

生产力合理布局思想是毛泽东进行工业化道路整体构思的重要内容,它的产生经历了长期的过程,是探索社会主义建设道路中的重大贡献.毛泽东的生产力合理布局思想兼顾国防、政治和经济三方面的要求,尽管后来在执行过程中偏离了原定的方向,但仍不失是实践中的真理、真理中的实践.社会主义建设新时期,开放沿海、创办特区特别是最近的西部开发,则是毛泽东的生产力合理布局思想的继承和发展.     

"士"与战国时期的传播艺术

在社会性质由奴隶制向封建制转化的春秋战国时期,"士"在政治、经济、军事、外交活动中充任着重要的角色,逐渐取代周代以前的"巫史",成为当时社会传播活动的主体,他们通过游说诸侯、聚徒讲学、记言记事等方式,向诸侯、学生及大众传播自己的思想观念,而这种种不同的传播方式又展示出他们在论辩艺术、教育艺术和叙事艺术方面的高超智慧.