论防止知识产权滥用的制度理念(英文)

对知识产权滥用的认识,应当构建在清晰梳理知识产权行使行为与知识产权滥用行为之关系的基础上。它们两者之间虽有联系,但决然不能简单等同,因为超越知识产权权利范围行使权利的行为不是滥用行为,知识产权垄断行使行为是否构成滥用需要依其是否具有正当性而做出判断,知识产权不当行使行为与滥用行为有着本质不同。防止知识产权滥用,需要制度理性的思考。防止知识产权滥用的制度理念,一是在法律正义的基础上解决知识产权的利益冲突,对利益冲突与法律正义作出正确的判断,在利益实现与秩序安全之间寻找衡平点;二是在私权基础上关注知识产权的社会功能。现代社会不仅需要高扬私权保护的旗帜,也需要更多地关注权利的社会功能,尤其需要关注社会发展与知识产权社会功能的强化之间的关系。     

Patients' Evaluations of the Mental Health Service at a Health Sciences Campus

Abstract

Health science students, along with the health professionals they hope to become, are at increased risk for certain occupational injuries and illnesses. One of these risks is occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis, which may result in severe illnesses or even death. Two case studies demonstrate postexposure care of exposed individuals at the University of Texas Medical Branch Student Health Services before and after policy changes and prevention strategies were strengthened in response to exposure incidents.     

Effects of a multimodal activation program (SimA-P) in residents of nursing homes

Is it possible to maintain or even enhance functional and cognitive independence in residents of nursing homes? Little is known about the potentials and limits of therapeutic methods designed to maintain independence in elderly people already in need of residential nursing care. The aim of the “Rehabilitation in Nursing Homes” research project was to determine the practicability and effectiveness of a rehabilitative approach targeting residents of nursing homes. The main objectives of the activation program were to maintain and enhance residents’ cognitive and functional autonomy. Data on psychological, functional, and medical variables were obtained from a sample of 294 nursing home residents (age range?=?70–99 years) at three points of measurement over a 12-month period. The intervention approach draws on the theoretical and practical findings of the SimA Study (“Bedingungen der Erhaltung und Förderung von Selbstständigkeit im höheren Lebensalter,” “conditions on maintaining and supporting independent living in old age”; Oswald et al., Z. Gerontopsychol. Psychiatr., 15:61–84, 2002, Z. Gerontopsychol. Psychiatr., 15:13–31, 2002) and incorporates the results of recent therapeutic and rehabilitative studies in the fields of geriatrics and gerontopsychiatry. The intervention involves a combined program of cognitive and physical activation. An alternative program based on biographical information was designed specifically for residents with dementia. Results show that the intervention had significant effects on cognitive and functional parameters. Moreover, transfer effects were observed with respect to activities of daily living and frequency of falls.     

Issue management and crisis management: An integrated,non-linear,relational construct

Despite extensive attempts to define and differentiate issue management and crisis management, the definitional approach – and linear life-cycle models which focus on the elements – fail to capture the full dynamics of the disciplines. Instead of a focus on definitions, this paper proposes a non-linear, relational construct which considers issue and crisis management in the context of interdependent activities and clusters of activity which must be managed at different stages. This includes the role of issue management in both the pre-crisis and post-crisis phases. The model addresses some of the limitations of linear approaches and helps analyze the outcomes and overlaps between activity clusters in order to optimize strategic relationships and enhance bottom-line effectiveness.     

浅析普通高校排球教学中常见运动损伤及其预防

运用文献资料和专家访谈法,结合多年的排球教学经验和排球教学中常见运动损伤的特点,分析了普通高校排球教学中运动损伤的产生原因,探讨了预防运动损伤的有效途径,旨在提高排球教学质量,为防止运动损伤的发生提供理论参考。     

Assessment of the Effectiveness of Radon Screening Programs in Reducing Lung Cancer Mortality

The present study was aimed at assessing the health consequences of the presence of radon in Quebec homes and the possible impact of various screening programs on lung cancer mortality. Lung cancer risk due to this radioactive gas was estimated according to the cancer risk model developed by the Sixth Committee on Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiations. Objective data on residential radon exposure, population mobility, and tobacco use in the study population were integrated into a Monte‐Carlo‐type model. Participation rates to radon screening programs were estimated from published data. According to the model used, approximately 10% of deaths due to lung cancer are attributable to residential radon exposure on a yearly basis in Quebec. In the long term, the promotion of a universal screening program would prevent less than one death/year on a province‐wide scale (0.8 case; IC 99%: –3.6 to 5.2 cases/year), for an overall reduction of 0.19% in radon‐related mortality. Reductions in mortality due to radon by (1) the implementation of a targeted screening program in the region with the highest concentrations, (2) the promotion of screening on a local basis with financial support, or (3) the realization of systematic investigations in primary and secondary schools would increase to 1%, 14%, and 16.4%, respectively, in the each of the populations targeted by these scenarios. Other than the battle against tobacco use, radon screening in public buildings thus currently appears as the most promising screening policy for reducing radon‐related lung cancer.     

日本在伪蒙疆政权时期的家畜防疫政策论析 ———以蒙疆家畜防疫处的活动为中心

1937年末日本树立伪蒙疆政权后,为掠夺该地区丰富的畜产资源,实行畜产统制政策,制定了《蒙疆畜产政策要纲》,计划实施马、绵羊等牲畜的改良增殖及家畜防疫,欲为其对外侵略战争提供畜产资源。为加强牲畜防疫,培养兽医及畜产技术人员,设立了蒙疆家畜防疫处及其派出机构,进行防疫研究、防疫用各种血清类的制造和兽疫预防工作。目的是保障顺利掠夺该地区丰富的畜产资源,为日本的战争经济服务。     

官员暴力犯罪问题初探

官员暴力犯罪正呈现上升趋势，具有官商或官黑结合、手段残忍、计划周密、影响恶劣等特点，严重影响党和政府形象。其出现并非偶然，而是有着错误权力暴力观、人权意识缺失、唯我独尊的自大狂心态、权力监督机制运行上的失控、腐败现象的蔓延、官员自身素质的低下、干部升迁体制的缺陷、黑恶对权力系统的渗透等多方面的社会基础与体制成因。应通过完善权力监督、腐败防范、科学考察及任用官员、政治公平竞争、官员暴力犯罪从重处罚等长效机制，改革政治体制，净化政治生态环境，有效遏止该现象的蔓延。     

对我国矿产资源开发利用的法律思考

矿产资源是一种重要的自然资源,是人类赖以生存和发展的重要物质基础,但是我国在矿产资源的开发利用中还存在不少的问题,为了保护有限的资源,需要在理论和实践中探索有效的途径予以防治.本文即着重从制度层面分析我国开发利用矿产资源中存在的问题,以法律制度的缺陷和管理工作中的不足为出发点,并试图找出解决问题的法律途径.     

浅议考试作弊与作弊防范

考试与作弊是一对矛盾。防范作弊应多方考虑:加强对学生的诚信教育,改变考试形式和方法,加强制度建设,标本兼治,为考生创造公平公正的竞争环境,达到建设优良学风的目的。