Approximation of power in multivariate analysis

We consider the calculation of power functions in classical multivariate analysis. In this context, power can be expressed in terms of tail probabilities of certain noncentral distributions. The necessary noncentral distribution theory was developed between the 1940s and 1970s by a number of authors. However, tractable methods for calculating the relevant probabilities have been lacking. In this paper we present simple yet extremely accurate saddlepoint approximations to power functions associated with the following classical test statistics: the likelihood ratio statistic for testing the general linear hypothesis in MANOVA; the likelihood ratio statistic for testing block independence; and Bartlett's modified likelihood ratio statistic for testing equality of covariance matrices.     

Pricing power options with a generalized jump diffusion

In this article, the valuation of power option is investigated when the dynamic of the stock price is governed by a generalized jump-diffusion Markov-modulated model. The systematic risk is characterized by the diffusion part, and the non systematic risk is characterized by the pure jump process. The jumps are described by a generalized renewal process with generalized jump amplitude. By introducing NASDAQ Index Model, their risk premium is identified respectively. A risk-neutral measure is identified by employing Esscher transform with two families of parameters, which represent the two parts risk premium. In this article, the non systematic risk premium is considered, based on which the price of power option is studied under the generalized jump-diffusion Markov-modulated model. In the case of a special renewal process with log double exponential jump amplitude, the accurate expressions for the Esscher parameters and the pricing formula are provided. By numerical simulation, the influence of the non systematic risk’s price and the index of the power options on the price of the option is depicted.     

Independence test in high-dimension using distance correlation and power enhancement technique

Abstract

This paper is concerned with independence test in high-dimension. A new test statistic is proposed with two terms: one is based on the modified distance correlation statistic, the other is constructed to enhance the power under sparse alternatives. Asymptotic properties of the test statistic are discussed under some regular conditions. The finite-sample simulations exhibit its superiority over some existing procedures. Finally, a real data example illustrates the proposed test.     

Use of a historical control group in a noninferiority trial assessing a new antibacterial treatment: A case study and discussion of practical implementation aspects

When recruitment into a clinical trial is limited due to rarity of the disease of interest, or when recruitment to the control arm is limited due to ethical reasons (eg, pediatric studies or important unmet medical need), exploiting historical controls to augment the prospectively collected database can be an attractive option. Statistical methods for combining historical data with randomized data, while accounting for the incompatibility between the two, have been recently proposed and remain an active field of research. The current literature is lacking a rigorous comparison between methods but also guidelines about their use in practice. In this paper, we compare the existing methods based on a confirmatory phase III study design exercise done for a new antibacterial therapy with a binary endpoint and a single historical dataset. A procedure to assess the relative performance of the different methods for borrowing information from historical control data is proposed, and practical questions related to the selection and implementation of methods are discussed. Based on our examination, we found that the methods have a comparable performance, but we recommend the robust mixture prior for its ease of implementation.     

On the probability distribution of economic growth

Three important and significantly heteroscedastic gross domestic product series are studied. Omnipresent heteroscedasticity is removed and the distributions of the series are then compared to normal, normal mixture and normal–asymmetric Laplace (NAL) distributions. NAL represents a skewed and leptokurtic distribution, which is in line with the Aghion and Howitt [1 Aghion, P. and Howitt, P. 1992. A model of growth through creative destruction. Econometrica, 60: 323–351. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar]] model for economic growth, based on Schumpeter's idea of creative destruction. Statistical properties of the NAL distributions are provided and it is shown that NAL fits the data better than the alternatives.     

论恢复性司法在我国本土化之构建——以警察权为视角

改革开放以来,国家已形成较为完整的惩治刑事犯罪的司法制度,但当前对于修复被侵害社会关系的手段较为单一,无法适应当前经济社会发展的需要。因而,有必要从刑事犯罪的规律性着手,分析研究恢复性司法在我国本土化构建的必要性及可行性,通过整合侵害人、被害人及社区组织等社会资源,发挥我国警察机关优势,从而构建符合国情的恢复性司法制度。     

基层党员坚定“四个自信”的实证研究——以浙江省嵊泗县为例

“四个自信”是党的最新理论成果,其对基层党员的影响理应是深远的。通过问卷、访谈以及文献分析等方法调查了以浙江省嵊泗县为代表的基层党员对“四个自信”的坚定状况。调研结果表明：其在总体上的坚定情况是可喜的,但也存在不少问题。通过对比参与调查的基层党员和非党员对在中国特色社会主义理论、道路、制度和文化等方面的差异,从民生问题、贫富差距扩大趋势、理论宣传教育程度和发展实际问题等方面分析原因,并据此提出了相应对策。     

基于交叉效率DEA与群体共识的区间乘性语言偏好关系群决策

针对区间乘性语言偏好关系群决策问题,提出了一种基于交叉效率DEA和群体共识的群决策方法。首先,提出乘性语言偏好关系导出函数的定义,并构建产出导向的DEA模型,证明了一致性乘性语言偏好关系的DEA效率得分与排序向量之间存在比例关系。在此基础上,建立基于理想值的交叉效率DEA模型,提出乘性语言偏好关系的通用排序方法。同时,基于群体共识建立目标规划模型来计算各语言偏好关系的权重系数。最后,利用Monte Carlo随机模拟的方法对群体语言偏好空间进行统计分析,得到群决策期望排序向量及其可信度。算例分析表明本文方法能够有效的避免信息损失,具有较强的适用性和较高的可信度。     

存在议价能力和副产品协同生产的制造商最优产量决策

考虑由环保型制造商和处理厂构成的两级供应链结构,其中上游制造商进行主产品的生产,而下游处理厂通过对废料加工进行副产品的生产。基于供应链成员之间存在不同议价能力的情形,构建了上游制造商将产生的废料给下游进行处理的协同生产模式,给出了主产品的均衡产量决策和废料的最优交易价格以及制造商关于废料的最优处理策略。研究结果表明,制造商的废料处理策略取决于消费者对副产品产量的敏感程度。当消费者对副产品产量较敏感(不敏感)时,制造商会选择自己处理废料(给处理厂进行加工)。此外,随着制造商议价能力的上升,制造商的均衡利润上升,而处理厂的均衡利润下降。最后发现本文的基本结论在随机产出环境下依然稳健。     

基于Benders分解算法的跨区互联电力系统协调规划模型

研究跨区互联电力系统的协调规划,对于提高投资效率实现更大范围的资源配置具有较强现实意义。本文首先描述多区域电力系统扩张规划问题,并建立多区域扩张规划模型,旨在寻求最优的扩容方案,以最小投入来满足多区域电力系统负荷增长需求;其次,采用Benders分解算法将多区域扩张规划问题分解为一个规划主问题和一个运行子问题,通过主子问题之间的迭代求解,获得最终的最优解;最后,对某个典型的包含7个区域的多区域电力系统进行模拟仿真,验证了本文所构建模型及算法的有效性。