关于科学发现机器的研究

本文阐述了科学发现的两个判据,在知识存贮有劣性原理的基础上,提出了知识存贮不完全性原理,指出存在一类逻辑上具有非放大性,但认识论上具有放大性的演绎发现机器。在休谟问题逻辑学范围内不可解原理的基础上,论证了不存在通用的归纳发现机器,但建立局部合理的、有效的、完备的归纳发现机器是可行的。最后,本文描述了科学发现机器的结构,并在文献的基础上,描述了一种同时具有发生与评价功能的归纳发现机器并论证了它的合理性。     

从"写实"到"主义"——论张道藩的国家文艺思想

在20世纪的中国,写实主义文艺的重心曾经从"写实"本身的"主义"转移到政治的某种"主义",张道藩的国家文艺思想,即令"写实主义"服役于"三民主义",演成三民主义的写实主义.其形成带有现实的政治考量,即因应抗战建国和批评普罗文艺的需要,而其实施则暴露出政治目标与人文内涵的冲突.张道藩对三民主义文艺思想的建构和阐释显得中正、平衡、和谐,虽倡导有力的国家文艺,却又试图最大限度地尊重自由和人权,遂使其三民主义的国家文艺思想温和无力,最终走向自我消解.     

贵州城乡经济一体化现状、问题及对策研究

本文首先分析了城乡经济一体化的基本内涵,同时主要采用城乡居民收入差异系数、城乡居民恩格尔系数差异系数、二元对比系数以及城乡居民收入差异倍数、城乡居民积累差异倍数五个基本指标分析了贵州省1978年-2006年城乡差异的现状。分析得出贵州省存在较显著的城乡二元经济结构,城乡经济一体化任重而道远。     

乡村旅游用地问题研究

在界定乡村旅游用地研究相关概念的基础上探讨了乡村旅游用地的不同形式,进而揭示了乡村旅游用地实践与乡村旅游发展的矛盾.乡村旅游的开发既要保持乡村原真性,又需要一定商业开发,同时还要保护农民的权益.这要求原有的农村集体土地在用地功能上更加丰富,不仅应成为农业生产与农民生活的载体,更应成为旅游商业服务的载体.在合法与合乎政策的前提下,通过缜密的乡村旅游用地规划,建立合理的乡村旅游土地评估标准,在保护农民权益基础上进行制度创新来解决问题.     

西部民营经济发展与地方政府行为的优化

在西部民营经济发展中,地方政府施政乏力。文章分析了造成的原因,认为只有优化地方政府行为,才能进一步促进西部民营经济健康快速发展。     

关于渭河流域实施排污权交易制度的立法建议

从相关立法看,对渭河流域水污染的治理主要采取了传统的行政方式。为提高渭河水污染治理效率,促进陕西经济社会的可持续发展,有必要借鉴美国和我国上海、江苏等地比较成熟的做法,采用市场的方法即排污权交易来治理渭河流域水污染,这有利于促进企业技术革新,降低整个社会的治理成本,比单纯的行政方法更为迅速和有效。因此,应进行地方立法,规定可交易污染物的范围、排污权的初始分配方式、交易的程序等,以规范排污权交易市场;同时,确定渭河的环境容量总量以确定可供分配的指标,构建信息平台以降低交易费用及保障公民的知情权。     

Subjective Quality of Life in Zhuhai City,South China: A Public Survey Using the International Wellbeing Index

The study of subjective quality of life and its connotations in the People’s Republic of China is at a preliminary stage. Although there is an emerging body of literature on this topic, there are few datasets representative of the general public, particularly in Mainland China. This paper reports the findings of a public survey (N = 449) conducted in Zhuhai City, South China using the International Wellbeing Index (IWI). There were four main aims: (1) to judge whether residents were satisfied with their lives; (2) to compare the data with recent findings from Hong Kong and Macau; (3) to investigate the equivalence of the IWI in terms of its psychometric properties; and (4) to determine the applicability of the ‘Theory of Homeostasis Wellbeing’. The data indicated a moderate level of personal (PWI score = 64.4.) and national (NWI score = 57.4) wellbeing, consistent with recent findings from Hong Kong and Macau. The PWI score was within the normative range for non-Western countries, which indicates that the residents were, on the whole, satisfied with their lives. Although previously reported objective measures of quality of life in Zhuhai are lower than in Hong Kong and Macau, this is not reflected in this study’s subjective measures. This finding was interpreted in terms of the ‘Theory of Subjective Wellbeing Homeostasis’, and the specific situation in Zhuhai, as there seems to be an absence of factors (i.e., no harsh economic or social situation) which could drive subjective wellbeing below normal. Last, that the IWI demonstrated good psychometric performance in terms of its reliability, validity, and sensitivity, and concurred with previous published reports, it seems that the scale’s robustness generalises to Chinese samples.     

The Performance of the World Health Organization’s WHOQOL-BREF in Assessing the Quality of Life of Thai College Students

The purpose of this study was to examine the performance of the Thai-version of WHOQOL-BREF in assessing the quality of life (QoL) among Thai college students. The psychometric properties of WHOQOL-BREF were assessed in this study. The self-administered WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was applied. A total of 407 Thai college students (male age = 20.5 ± 1.2; female age = 20.5 ± 1.2) participated in this study. Item-response distributions, internal consistency reliability, discriminant validity, criterion-related validity and construct validity through confirmatory analysis were analyzed. The findings indicate that the WHOQOL-BREF had acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.73–0.83 across four domains), all items highly correlated with corresponding domain scores (r = 0.53–0.80), the indices of a two-order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) demonstrate that the data fit the model well with allowing covary of error variances of some items, all items had good property of criterion-related validity and item discrimination and, all three domain scores except the social relationship domain had significant associations with overall QoL or general health. The results suggest that the WHOQOL-BREF was reliable and valid to health professionals in the assessment of the QoL of college-based Thai youth, but some unsuitable items may be deleted in future studies.     

Parallels Between Objective Indicators and Subjective Perceptions of Quality of Life: A Study of Metropolitan and County Areas in Taiwan

This study explores the consistency between objective indicators and subjective perceptions of quality of life in a ranking of survey data for cities and counties in Taiwan. Data used for analysis included the Statistical Yearbook of Hsiens and Municipalities and the Survey on Living Conditions of Citizens in Taiwan, both given for the year 2000. The Quality of life was examined in seven domains: medical services, domestic finances, work, education, leisure, public safety, and environmental quality. Subjective and objective rankings for each domain of quality of life for 23 areas (some areas are cities and some are counties) are compared. Analysis by means of nonparametric correlation coefficients indicates that there is no significant correlation between objective indicators and subjective perceptions, except in Education and Environmental Quality. Objective indicators of Environmental Quality (air pollution and garbage) are positively correlated with subjective satisfaction with residential environment. But inexplicably, higher levels of literacy and educational achievement are negatively correlated with satisfaction with the educational system. It may be considered that disparity in either average objective conditions or in average subjective perceptions may not adequately depict quality of life differences.

民俗志的学术定位和书写

本文对近年来民俗志书写理论和实践上的一些新探索作了初步梳理,指出了"标志性文化统领式民俗志"对于创新民俗志书写模式、增强民俗志书写主位视角和对话功能的意义以及"感受之学"在探寻民俗志独特学科品格上做出的探索和努力.