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101.
We study the endogenous formation of R&D networks between two domestic and one foreign firms in a unionized oligopoly. We find that the equilibrium networks are sensitive to the extent of knowledge spillovers between networked firms. If spillovers are sufficiently low, the complete network will arise in equilibrium; however, if spillovers are sufficiently high, the foreign partial network that includes a domestic and a foreign firm will arise. Moreover, for intermediate spillovers, no equilibrium network emerges. These results have implications for aggregate outcomes: equilibrium networks are not necessarily optimal in terms of aggregate effective R&D and aggregate firm profits. 相似文献
102.
Alessandro Balestrino 《LABOUR》2012,26(4):472-491
It is estimated that only 5 per cent of musicians in Italy are regularly employed. In an attempt at understanding such a peculiar situation, we build a theoretical model of the musicians' labour market in which we embed the main institutional features of the Italian system. The presence of taxation encourages the formation of a black labour market for musicians and discourages talented agents from becoming full‐time musicians in all second‐best economies. In Italy both tendencies are particularly strong, and exacerbated by the peculiarities of the pension system for musicians. These inefficiencies might be corrected by a twofold policy: the reform of the pension system, highly desirable but unlikely to be politically feasible in the current Italian institutional setting, and the introduction of a sufficiently large unemployment benefit for musicians, step that has a general interest for any second‐best economy and not only for the case of the musicians' labour market, and that might instead be viable under certain circumstances. 相似文献
103.
李喜芬 《郑州大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2007,40(5):133-135
美国后现代主义代表作家托马斯.品钦擅长将自然科学和人文科学巧妙融合,他在小说《熵》中把物理的第二热力定律运用到对人类世界的观测比喻,隐喻支离破碎的后现代文化和混乱无序的后现代社会,诠释秩序的不复存在,生动地描绘了世俗凡人盲目、烦躁、错位的生活状况和茫然、虚幻的追求,指出人类能量破坏性的释放,将最终导致熵的增加,隐喻后现代文化热寂的可怕前景。 相似文献
104.
Dan Anderberg 《Journal of population economics》2003,16(1):71-90
This paper uses a model of search unemployment to discuss the interaction between publicly provided insurance and informal
insurance through voluntary income sharing, e.g., between spouses. Income sharing reduces the optimal level of public unemployment
insurance. While it is always individually rational for partners to share income, the effect of voluntary income sharing on
welfare will be negative unless partners can either observe each other's search behavior or are sufficiently altruistic towards
each other. The model is also used to examine a family-based policy. The welfare gains from using such policy are argued to
be small.
Received: 14 December 2000/Accepted: 5 November 2001 相似文献
105.
Ethnic minorities in England and Wales are spatially concentrated in relatively-deprived urban areas. Both geographic clustering
and the economic characteristics of ethnically-concentrated neighbourhoods can impact upon the opportunities and constraints
facing residents of such areas. This paper explores the relationship between the existence of enclaves and the employment
prospects of ethnic minorities in England and Wales. It is shown that there is considerable spatial variation in employment
outcomes. There is a lower incidence of self-employment in more ethnically-concentrated urban areas, which contradicts the
view of ethnic entrepreneurship as an enclave phenomenon. Unemployment rates are also higher for minorities living in more
concentrated areas. Enclaves in England and Wales do not appear to offer many economic benefits to minority individuals.
Received: 31 December 1999/Accepted: 27 November 2000 相似文献
106.
方英 《宁波大学学报(人文科学版)》2003,16(2):53-56
托马斯·哈代的小说具有震撼人心的悲剧力量。其小说的悲剧美在一定程度上来源于哈代本人对于悲剧创作手法的自觉运用。文章分析了哈代小说中的多种悲剧创作手法,对哈代小说的悲剧美作了一次新的解读。 相似文献
107.
Family size and optimal income taxation 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This paper studies the role of family size in the design of optimal income taxation. We consider a second best setting where
the government observes the number of children and the income of the parents but not their productivity. With a linear tax schedule the marginal tax rate is shown to decrease with the number of children, while the relationship between the demogrant
and family size appears to be ambiguous. With two ability levels, optimal non-linear income tax implies zero marginal tax rates for the higher ability parents; low ability parents have positive marginal tax rates that
decrease with family size.
Received: 4 September 2000/Accepted: 17 May 2001 相似文献
108.
Jean‐Baptiste Michau 《Journal of the European Economic Association》2013,11(6):1320-1347
This paper emphasizes the two‐way causality between the provision of unemployment insurance and the cultural transmission of civicness. The returns to being uncivic are increasing in the generosity of unemployment insurance; but this generosity is decreasing in the number of uncivic individuals. In this context, I determine the evolution of preferences across generations and show that cultural heterogeneity is sustained over the long‐run. The dynamics of cultural transmission can generate a long lag between the introduction of unemployment insurance and an increase in people's willingness to live off government‐provided benefits. Hence, it offers an explanation to the ‘European unemployment puzzle’ due to the coexistence of generous unemployment insurance and low unemployment in the 1950s and 1960s. 相似文献
109.
David J Strauss 《Social science research》1980,9(1):76-82
In their recent paper (1977, Social Science Research, 6, 188–196), Kenny and Rubin offer an interpretation of “chance” in Guttman scaling. Their approach is based on the matrix of probabilities pij, giving the chance that the ith respondent passes the jth item. It is shown that their interpretation of chance in fact corresponds to a stochastic model of a perfect unidimensional scale. An alternative condition for chance based on the matrix of pij's is proposed. This is then proved to be equivalent to the usual interpretation. 相似文献
110.
Gemai Chen 《Revue canadienne de statistique》1996,24(3):363-372
Very often in regression analysis, a particular functional form connecting known covariates and unknown parameters is either suggested by previous work or demanded by theoretical considerations so that the deterministic part of the responses has a known form. However, the underlying error structure is often less well understood. In this case, the transform-both-sides (TBS) models are appropriate. In this paper we generalize the usual TBS models and develop tests to assess goodness of fit when fitting TBS or GTBS models. Parameter estimation is discussed, and tests based on the Cramér-von Mises statistic and the Anderson-Darling statistic are presented with a table suitable for finite-sample applications. 相似文献