四级网考对大学英语教学的反拨作用

大学英语四级网考的铺开是大学英语教学改革的一项重要内容,它在考试媒介、题型设计、题材选择、考查重心等方面都作出了调整。考试对教学起到一定的反拨作用。大学英语教师要研究四级网考所体现的教学理论,转变教学理念,利用网络教学资源,探索如何以测试为动因培养学生的英语综合应用能力、可持续发展的自主学习能力以及计算机硬件操作能力。     

农业类高校非英语专业大学生外语学习焦虑研究

采用问卷调查和访谈相结合的研究方法，分析中国农业类高校非英语专业大学生外语学习焦虑的主要特征、形成原因和采取的措施。得出以下结论：外语学习焦虑普遍存在于农业类高校非英语专业大学生中；外语学习焦虑与大学英语四级成绩负相关；不同性别、不同专业的大学生在外语焦虑方面没有显著差异。外语学习焦虑形成的主要原因有：口语和听力差；害怕否定评价；考试焦虑；社会和学校环境的影响；独特的心理特征等。减轻外语学习焦虑的措施包括：提高学生的自信；发挥教师的积极作用；营造轻松的课堂环境；增强外语学习动机和兴趣；改革测试内容、测试方法和评分方法；尊重学生的学习风格和个性特征。     

取代三联吡啶光度法测定铬(Ⅵ)

研究了 6 ,6″—二甲基— 4′—苯基 - 2 ,2′ :6′ ,2″—三联吡啶 (TPY)与Cr(Ⅵ )的显色反应。在pH5 .0 6 .2的HAc -NaAc介质中 ,Cr(Ⅵ )与该试剂形成稳定的橙色络合物 ,其吸收峰波长λmax=36 7nm ,表观摩尔吸光系数为 1.72× 10 5L(mol·cm) -1,Cr(Ⅵ )浓度在 1.3～ 76 μg/L内服从比尔定律。精密度和准确度实验结果表明 ,该方法准确 ,可用于环境水及电镀水中铬 (Ⅵ )的测定     

艰难的颠覆与尴尬的重建——五四家庭小说的文化审视

家庭在中国扮演着特别重要的角色。五四作家从自己的家庭体验出发,立足文化更新的背景反思家庭问题。他们通过演绎家庭故事,不仅重新审视一种文化、一种制度、一种生活方式和心理动向,同时也无情地解剖自己,并试图以现代的价值准则去思考更为广泛深刻的家庭问题。五四时期轰轰烈烈的家庭革命,为五四小说的家庭叙写提供了现实依据,而反叛传统时所面对的道德与情感困境,导致了颠覆的艰难与重建的尴尬。     

艾滋病疗法的评价及疗效的预测

根据美国艾滋病医疗实验机构ACTG提供的两组数据,利用二次拟合预测了持续使用这四种艾滋病疗法的效果,并对这些疗法做出了一定的评价。     

“五四”精神的内在本质和现代传承

“五四”精神由两个层面的内容构成。第一层面是“五四”精神的内在本质,主要由“五四”精神的核心点与精髓构成;第二层面是“五四”精神的外在表现形式,主要包括不怕困难顽强斗争的精神、改革创新的精神、与为民精神等。在全面落实科学发展观、构建社会主义和谐社会的新的历史时期,应结合时代的变化,从“五四”精神的上述两个方面入手．切实发扬传承好这份宝贵的精神遗产。     

Nonparametric control charts based on runs and Wilcoxon-type rank-sum statistics

In this article, we introduce three new distribution-free Shewhart-type control charts that exploit run and Wilcoxon-type rank-sum statistics to detect possible shifts of a monitored process. Exact formulae for the alarm rate, the run length distribution, and the average run length (ARL) are all derived. A key advantage of these charts is that, due to their nonparametric nature, the false alarm rate (FAR) and in-control run length distribution is the same for all continuous process distributions. Tables are provided for the implementation of the charts for some typical FAR values. Furthermore, a numerical study carried out reveals that the new charts are quite flexible and efficient in detecting shifts to Lehmann-type out-of-control situations.     

“狂飙突进”时代的偏激——对五四作家心理状态的审视与反思

五四作家普遍表现出偏激情绪 ,其心理根源于作家们严重的焦虑和孤独与强烈的叛逆。而作家们的这种心理又是当时社会现实与作家个人经历、天赋禀性的产物。作家们的偏激情绪产生了激进的思想和激烈的言论 ,一方面以其狂飙突进的气势猛烈攻击封建传统与旧文化 ,另一方面由于潜在的农民文化心理的作用而不可避免地留下不少缺憾。同时 ,这种偏激情绪在文学创作中也产生了一定的影响     

Electronic payment mechanisms in social security: Extending the reach of benefit and contribution transactions

More often than not, the existing modes of contribution collection and benefit payment of social security organizations are adapted to the collective arrangements that characterize employer‐employee relationships. Extending coverage to individuals in difficult‐to‐reach groups, however, may require new modalities of service that can cope with many separate, secure transactions rather than a few bulk data transfers between organizations. Recent developments in electronic payment show its wide applicability in enabling huge volumes of such individual transactions. It is in this light that the article explores the potentials of this technology and identifies possible arrangements through which electronic payments could surmount barriers that stand in the way of covering difficult‐to‐reach groups. The high level of mobile phone penetration on a global scale augurs well for using e‐payment mechanisms to collect social security contributions and to deliver social security benefits and services. A generic model is used to describe the requisite elements to implement electronic payments in social protection programmes. Based on empirical evidence of current social protection practices from around the world, five scenarios are presented to describe possible configurations for electronic payment, from the simplest to the most sophisticated. The broader objective is to contribute in a practical manner to the international commitment to extend social protection to all, as defined by the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.     

Pension reforms in EU11 countries: An evaluation of post‐socialist pension policies

This article evaluates the pension policy pathways of the 11 former state socialist nations that have joined the European Union since 2004. Focusing primarily on the post‐2004 period, the analysis discusses the most important measurable outcomes of these countries’ pension reforms, in terms of poverty alleviation, pension adequacy and fiscal sustainability. Going beyond the quantifiable concepts, we also investigate the quality of the 11 countries’ pension systems in terms of equity as well as efficiency, emphasizing the less conspicuous design errors present in these systems. Although these errors have received little attention to date, they may harm pension schemes along several dimensions, including their fiscal sustainability.