Multiple hypothesis tests based On conditional differences in means

Many hypothesis tests are univariate tests and cannot cope with multiple hypothesis without an auxiliary procedure as e. g. the Bonferroni-Holm-procedure. At the same time, there is an urgent need for testing multiple hypothesis due to the very simple existing methods as the Bonferroni-correction or the Bonferroni-Holm-procedure, which suffers from a very small local significance level to detect statistical inferences or the drawback that logical and statistical dependencies among the test statistics are not used, whereby its detection is NP-hard. In honour of this occasion, we present a multiple hypothesis test for i.i.d. random variables based on conditional differences in means, which is capable to cope with multiple hypothesis and does not suffer on such drawbacks as the Bonferroni-correction or the Bonferroni-Holm-procedure. Thereby, the computation time can be neglected.     

Deaths of people with serious mental disorder: An exploration of deaths in custody and fatal police contacts

People with serious mental disorders (PSMDs) are overrepresented both in prison deaths and during fatal encounters with the police in the community (deaths after police contact, DAPC). To identify common factors present across cases of who died during contact with the criminal justice system in Queensland, publicly available coroners reports were analysed (N = 38). The findings of the study indicated psychosis and mood disorders were the most common diagnosis in incarcerated PSMD deaths, and suicide was the most common cause of death for incarcerated PSMDs. Within incarcerated settings, access to healthcare records, medication compliance, risk assessment and monitoring, and safe housing of at‐risk prisoners may be potential areas to explore with regard to prevention. Similarly, PSMD DAPCs were more likely to be experiencing mood or psychosis disorders than other forms of mental disorder, and suicide and police shootings were the most common causes of death. In PSMD DAPC, inadequate mental health access, treatment noncompliance and comorbid substance use were included as potential areas that could direct research efforts toward prevention.     

The influence of acculturation level and family relationships on quality of life among U.S. Chinese older adults

ABSTRACT

The present study examined the influence of acculturation level and family relationships (i.e., positive family support and negative family strain) on quality of life (QOL), using the data from the Population Study of ChINese Elderly (PINE) in Chicago (N = 3159). Controlling for sociodemographic variables and health status, it was found that individuals’ acculturation level and positive family support were positively related to QOL, whereas negative family strain was negatively associated with QOL. More importantly, higher acculturation levels were associated with increased protective effects of positive family support and reduced risk effects of negative family strain on QOL among U.S. Chinese older adults.     

Homemaking,Temporality and Later Life

Abstract

While much literature has focused on the meaning of home, relatively little has been conducted on homemaking in later life. This paper demonstrates the importance of time in conceptualizations of home. Using an extensive case study from a multi-interview study with eight older people in England, it is shown that gardening can form the basis of a temporal framework which structures a life. Importantly, gardening can seem essential in homemaking and a reason not to move to residential living. This paper builds on literature that suggests home is a process and that people’s conceptualization and experience of home develop throughout their lives. As ageing and dying have become long and complicated processes, it is argued older people may find this challenging as this makes it difficult to prepare for the end of life.     

英汉谚语的文化差异及其交际策略

语言是人们进行交流的工具,亦是记载文化的符号系统,语言和文化相互影响又相互制约。谚语作为语言的一种特殊形式,亦承载着传递文化的作用。英语谚语和汉语谚语作为两种不同语言的瑰宝,亦表现出不同文化间的差异。对于英汉谚语的文化差异应当精准的翻译和应用,加强彼此文化的理解。     

新型城镇化进程中河北省城乡社区医疗卫生配套研究

新型城镇化建设的稳步推进及卫生体制改革的逐步深化,为河北省推进城乡社区医疗卫生发展改革带来了重大机遇,但河北省城乡社区医疗卫生配套状况仍然面临着重视不够、高水平人员短缺等问题。为此,应进一步加大城乡社区医疗卫生配套的宣传力度、建立并完善城乡社区高层次人才的制度机制、积极借鉴国外社区医疗卫生先进经验,以实现河北省城乡社区医疗卫生的可持续发展。     

中华传统美德的个体性展示

中华民族传统美德是中华民族的优秀遗产,需要中华民族一代一代人不断传扬下去。在这个过程中,社会全方位的美德倡导播撒,是个体展示的最佳环境和前提,同时又是个体展示的机遇。但社会展示只是一个形式和要求,社会展示要通过一个个个体展示落到实处,个体性展示才是具体可视和可操作性的,是社会展示的承载,没有这个承载,社会弘扬与展示只是一个空壳,无根无基。由此,强化个体性展示,对个体性展示提出更高更具体要求,是中华民族传统美德弘扬与践行的根本所在。     

优化国际语言服务环境背景下关于大学英语写作教学的若干反思

国际语言服务的水平直接体现了一个城市乃至国家的国际化程度,关系到一个城市或国家的国际形象和国际竞争力。随着中国与国际社会的交流日深,对既有自己的专业又具备一定的英语综合运用能力的复合型人才的需求也随之增加。他们不但要有一定的英语口头表达能力,书面表达能力也面临着新的挑战和要求。但我国高校的大学英语课普遍对写作环节重视不足,导致学生的写作基础薄弱。文章分析了大学英语写作过程中存在的普遍性问题并提出了相应的对策。     

社会主义敬业精神的传统､本质和中国特色

劳动强度、劳动时间、劳动创造性是构成劳动的三个基本维度.但传统敬业精神往往以劳动强度和劳动时间作为主要评价标准,体现为“热爱、勤勉、克制”等工作作风.随着知识经济时代的到来,社会主义敬业精神也由传统的以道德定位向现代的价值定位方向转变,劳动的创造性或者创新性工作日益成为评价劳动者敬业精神的重要尺度,与此相对应,“创新”成为社会主义敬业精神的本质.中国特色的敬业精神是社会主义敬业精神民族化和时代化的反映,它以创新为核心,是“实干作风、奉献思想、追求卓越”三者高度的统一.     

Division of Labor,Gender Ideology,and Marital Satisfaction in East Asia

Using data from the 2006 Family Module of the East Asian Social Survey (N = 3,096), this article examines associations of marital satisfaction with divisions of housework and gender ideology in four East Asian societies: urban China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. Compared with Japanese and Korean married women and men, Chinese and Taiwanese spouses were more satisfied with their marriage and had more egalitarian divisions of housework, but simultaneously they held less egalitarian gender ideologies. Multivariate analyses showed that relative share of housework was negatively associated with marital satisfaction for Japanese and Korean men and for Korean and Taiwanese women. Egalitarian gender ideology was significantly associated with lower marital satisfaction only among Taiwanese women. In addition, the negative association between housework and marital satisfaction was more pronounced for Taiwanese women who espoused more egalitarian gender ideologies. The authors discuss how differences in macro‐level social contexts explain these cross‐society variations.