苏格拉底启发式教学法及其启示

苏格拉底认为教师在教学中的任务不是向学生传授现成的知识,而是要激发学生的思考,帮助学生获取头脑中所固有的知识,发展学生的认识能力。本文提出苏格拉底启发式教学法应全面正确对待,并具体分析了其对当前教学的有益启示及不足。     

Hybrid heuristic for design of cellular manufacturing systems

Cell design in Cellular Manufacturing Systems (CMS) assumes significance due to the incremental nature of implementation. In this study a hybrid heuristic has been developed considering incremental aspect of implementation. The heuristic identifies complete cells (if they exist), otherwise forms a CMS with combination of regular cells and a remainder cell which caters to the needs of exceptional parts/operations. The heuristic has been tested with the standard problems in the literature. It is found that the proposed heuristic produces superior solutions in 62.22% cases and the same solutions in the remaining cases. Further, statistical testing has been conducted and found that the performance of the proposed heuristic is significantly better than the existing methods.     

合作原则在旅游文本翻译中的应用

旅游文本翻译是一种跨语言、跨文化的交际活动。从合作原则角度对旅游文本翻译进行观照,旅游文本的翻译应遵循合作原则的数量准则、质量准则、关联准则和方式准则,以达到信息传递的最佳效果,产生良好的市场效应,促进旅游业的发展。     

杭州市导游薪酬体制研究与设计

导游薪酬制度是做好导游管理工作的核心制度之一，其合理与否直接影响导游服务的质量和旅游业的发展。杭州现行的导游薪酬制度存在极大的不合理性和诸多弊端，应采取相应对策以促进杭州旅游业健康持续发展。     

Heuristics for single-row layout problems in flexible manufacturing systems

A series of algorithms relevant to one of the commonly used layout schemes in flexible manufacturing systems, that is, the single-row layout, is presented. The algorithms constitute a modified version of a known technique developed for the n m F Fmax sequencing problem. As a result, heuristics are obtained which are easy to implement and which generate good solutions in acceptable response times and outperform other algorithms developed to the same end. An iterative method based on a neighbourhood search is also developed to evaluate the performances in absolute terms.     

普通话导游幽默语言的使用

普通话导游语言丰富多彩 ,幽默的导游语言独具特色 ,通过采用多种修辞方法而产生的幽默讲解 ,在导游过程中能达到意想不到的效果     

The Two Embedded Research Functions of Heuristic Case Practice

Abstract

In social work's formative years, practice, education, training, research and theory building were an integrated whole within the field. However, when educational responsibilities moved to tertiary institutions, research and theory building was also claimed as a primary responsibility by these bodies. Since then, the function of research has been seen from the perspective of tertiary institutions as the post hoc evaluation of intervention effectiveness. The present paper proposes that two distinct types of research remain seamlessly embedded within everyday case practice, namely Interventive research and Modelling research. Interventive research is the information gathering and synthesising process creating a theory of one that guides each intervention. Modelling research is the reflective linking of interventions over a class of cases to build practice wisdom and guide future interventions in similar cases. Such research is not free from experimental control, as has been assumed in the past, but has a number of embedded bias controls that protect the integrity of practice interventions by giving greater reliability and validity than assumed previously.     

Conditioning the effect of prize on tournament self-selection

This study examines how past performance moderates the effect of the size of the prize on tournament self-selection. We identify two types of trajectories that play simultaneous and unique roles in moderating the influence of prize on an agent’s decision to enter a tournament: within-period trajectory, which reflects an agent’s short-term performance streak in the tournaments recently entered, and across-period trajectory, which reflects an agent’s long-term performance streak in the same tournament across different periods. We find that positive (negative) within-period and across-period trajectories strengthen (weaken) the positive effect of the size of the prize on tournament entry. Although both performance trajectories have a significant and sizable influence, we find that within-period trajectory plays the strongest moderating effect. We draw on the representativeness heuristic and the availability heuristic to explain our findings. We study these notions using 54,915 self-selection decisions that professional golfers have taken over a ten-year period (1996–2006) when entering PGA Tour tournaments. We draw implications for the craft of contest design.     

Integrated production strategy and reuse scenario: A CoFAQ model and case study of mail server system development

One of the core problems in software product family (SPF) is the coordination of product building and core asset development, specifically the integration of production strategy decision and core asset scenario selection. In the current paper, a model of Cost Optimization under Functional And Quality (CoFAQ) goal satisfaction constraints is developed. It provides a systematic mechanism for management to analyze all possible products and evaluate various reuse alternatives at the organizational level. The CoFAQ model facilitates decision-makers to optimize the SPF development process by determining which products are involved in the SPF (i.e. production strategy) and which reuse scenario for each module should be selected to implement the SPF toward minimum total developing cost under the constraints of satisfying functional and quality goals. A two-phase algorithm with heuristic (TPA) is developed to solve the model efficiently. Based on the TPA, the CoFAQ is reduced to a weighted set-covering problem for production strategy decision and a knapsack problem for the reuse scenario selection. An application of the model in mail server domain development is presented to illustrate how it has been used in practice.